BACKGROUND The multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) has emerged as a global threat. Xinjiang is a multi-ethnic region and suffered second highest incidence of TB in China. However, epidemiological information on MDR and XDR TB is scarcely investigated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A prospective study was conducted to analyze the prevalence of MDR ...

the emergence of multidrug resistance (mdr) and extensively drug resistance (xdr) in acinetobacter baumannii has made an important challenge in the treatment of infections caused by this organism. the ability of carbapenemase production is one of the main mechanisms for the emergence of mdr and/or xdr in a. baumannii. the aim of this study was to detect carbapenemase producer a. baumannii. in t...

Emergence of resistance to two most potent first line anti-TB drugs i.e. isoniazid and rifampicin (multidrug resistant TB MDR TB) is well known, but, the second line drugs used to treat MDR-TB are also showing resistance to the same strain of Mycobacteria (extensively drug resistance TB, XDR-TB). We report 3 children with partial XDR TB. Two responded to treatment while one was lost to follo...

The continuing spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most urgent and difficult challenges facing global TB control. Patients who are infected with strains resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, called multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, are practically incurable by standard first-line treatment. In 2012, there were approximately 450,000 new cases and 170,000 deaths because of MDR-T...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that are resistant to an increasing number of second-line drugs used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) are becoming a threat to public health worldwide. We surveyed the Network of Supranational Reference Laboratories for M. tuberculosis isolates that were resistant to second-line anti-TB drugs during 2000-2004. We defined extensively drug-resi...

BACKGROUND South Africa shows one of the highest global burdens of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB). Since 2002, MDR-TB in South Africa has been treated by a standardized combination therapy, which until 2010 included ofloxacin, kanamycin, ethionamide, ethambutol and pyrazinamide. Since 2010, ethambutol has been replaced by cycloserine or terizido...

Tuberculosis (TB) has become a worldwide threat, mainly due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This mini-review is focused on the various mechanisms of resistance to the currently available anti-TB drugs and provides perspective on novel strategies and lead scaffolds/compounds aimed at inhibiting/overco...

The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae has been regarded as one of the major challenges among health care-associated infections worldwide. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) K. pneumoniae strain isolated in 2013 from Yunnan Province, China.

Although drug susceptible tuberculosis (TB) is a curable disease, spread of rifampicin-resistant TB, including multidrug-resistant (MDR)and extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB, is a threat to disease control worldwide [1], in particular in Eastern Europe [2]. XpertMTB/RIF (Xpert; Cepheid Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) is an accurate [3] and affordable [4] automated PCR-based assay that detects DNA o...