One of the pivotal roles in XP is the customer, but little guidance is provided in the literature on the practicalities of succeeding in this role. We used an interpretative in-depth case study to explore a successful XP project. We obtained multiple perspectives on the implementation of the customer role, and this paper includes excerpts from interviews with the customer and other development ...

t first sight, using retinectomy for treating glaucoma seemed extreme , even when most of the eyes treated were legally blind. More than 20 years ago, Robert Machemer described performing retinotomy to relieve traction in two patients with retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretin-opathy (PVR). 1 At the time retinotomy was considered extreme and surgically the last resort. Sev...

The consistency of the estimator is obtained by a direct application of the the Law of Large Numbers (LLN) as ξ is bounded. The total probability

Copulas are a useful tool for understanding relationships among multivariate variables, and are important tools for describing the dependence structure between random variables, with different copulas representing different dependencies. Since the study of dependence is critically important in Statistics in order to carry out reliable analyses, understanding and applying results from copulas ca...

Extreme and non-extreme response styles (RSs) are prevalent in survey research using Likert-type scales. Their effects on measurement invariance (MI) in the context of confirmatory factor analysis are systematically investigated here via a Monte Carlo simulation study. Using the parameter estimates obtained from analyzing a 2007 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study data set, a ...

This paper reports on the successful application of very-highperformance robotics in the electrical testing of multichip modules using only two probes, breaking with the old traditional array of probes as the primary test method. Complete production line tools include two high-speed Hummingbirdt probing robots and precise x–y tables to carry them and a fast, accurate opens–shorts test. To ensur...

The mechanical behaviour of Earth’s curst with a self-similar structure of faults is modelled using a continuous sequence of continua each with its own size of the averaging volume element. The overall tensorial properties scale isotropically, i.e. according to a power law with common exponent. In fault systems modelled by sets of 2-D cracks, the scaling is isotropic for both isotropically orie...

Extreme Programming (XP) as a methodology for software development is now widely known. There are numerous case studies and reports of it’s successful application in real world projects as well as in the academic sector. But it is equally important to experience and report things that went wrong. This paper is about problems and pitfalls that can occur when introducing XP. They are explained in...