PURPOSE To evaluate a series of patients with corneal ectasia after LASIK that underwent the Athens Protocol: combined topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to reduce or eliminate induced myopia and astigmatism followed by sequential, same-day ultraviolet A (UVA) corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL). METHODS Thirty-two consecutive corneal ectasia cases underwent transepithelial ...

PURPOSE To assess astigmatic reduction and rotational stability of Rayner T-flex toric intraocular lenses (IOL) (573T and 623T; Rayner Intraocular Lenses Ltd) in a series of cataract surgery patients with corneal astigmatism >1.50 diopters (D). METHODS This prospective, observational study included 27 eyes from 22 consecutive patients with pre-operative regular corneal astigmatism ≥1.50 D in ...

Emerging virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) systems can produce highly immersive experiences, but also induce visual discomfort, eyestrain, and nausea for some users. One of the sources of these symptoms is the lack of natural focus cues in all current VR/AR near-eye displays. These displays project stereoscopic image pairs, driving the vergence state of the eyes to arbitrary distances. Howe...

Dynamic balance has frequently been evaluated by using center of pressure (COP) during stepping movement. COP sway may be greater during stepping on foam rubber, which is a kind of external load. This study aimed to examine the effect of leg-joint angles and COP sway during stepping on a spot in 13 young male adults (mean age 25.6 ± 4.8 years, mean height 170.6 ± 5.2 cm, mean mass 69.1 ± 8.2 kg...

To the Editors: Acquired progressive esotropia in patients with high myopia1 is caused by conversion of lateral rectus muscle function from abduction to infraduction, leading to impaired abduction and supraduction.2 Imaging techniques have revealed abnormal extraocular muscle position in these patients; the lateral rectus muscle is displaced inferiorly and the superior rectus muscle is shifted ...

PURPOSE To study in situ the intraocular position of the Artisan iris-claw intraocular lens (IOL) (model 203) (Ophtec) in phakic hyperopic eyes using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). METHODS Echograms of the anterior chamber were taken preoperatively and 24 to 317 days postoperatively in 4 eyes implanted with the Artisan IOL (power +4.0 to +6.0 diopters). The preoperative anterior chamber dept...

We investigated the perception of distance of visual targets with constant size and luminance presented between 20 and 120 cm from subjects' eyes. When retinal disparity cues were present, the subjects could reproduce very accurately the distance of a seen reference in this area. When only extraretinal information was available, distance perception was still correct for distances of 40 cm or le...

Many animals rely on path integration for navigation and desert ants are the champions. On leaving the nest, ants continuously integrate their distance and direction of travel so that they always know their current distance and direction from the nest and can take a direct path to home. Distance information originates from a step-counter and directional information is based on a celestial compa...

sphingomyelin (SM) that have different polar head groups, a sugar chain and phosphocholine, respectively. It has been reported that GSLs are involved in cell growth, differentiation, and adhesion. SM is defined as a precursor for ceramide and sphingosine that are involved in intracellular signaling pathways for cytokines. In pathogenesis, GSLs are receptors for various types of virulent agents ...