The primary function of the eyelids is to maintain ocular health and protection. In facial paralysis, neurogenic dysfunction orbicularis oculi muscle complex leads a spectrum periocular issues including xerophthalmia, exposure keratopathy, lower eyelid malposition contributing epiphora deformity. Conservative techniques can foster safe environment for patients awaiting surgical intervention. Ey...

The estimated incidence of acute facial paralysis is approximately 30 patients per 100000 populations annually. Facial paralysis is an extremely frightening situation and gives extreme stress to patients because obvious disfiguring face may cause significant functional, aesthetic, and psychological disturbances. For stressful patients with acute facial paralysis, it is very important for clinic...

Aspects of emotional facial expression (responsivity, appropriateness, intensity) were examined in brain-damaged adults with right or left hemisphere cerebrovascular lesions and in normal controls. Subjects were videotaped during experimental procedures designed to elicit emotional facial expression and non-emotional facial movement (paralysis, mobility, praxis). On tasks of emotional facial ex...

BACKGROUND Understanding the effects of muscle function on facial bone growth may help us treat children with facial anomalies. Facial bone growth is known to be a result of both genetic and epigenetic influences. One of the main epigenetic factors controlling growth is thought to be muscle action. The purpose of this study was to establish a model of single facial muscle paralysis and to ident...