The aim of this study was to examine if the growth factor, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1), could prevent induction of nitric oxide synthase and cytokine-mediated inhibitory effects in the insulin-containing, clonal beta cell line RINm5F. Treatment of RINm5F cells for 24 h with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) (100 pM) induced expression of nitric oxide synthase and inhibited glyce...

Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease, which accounts for most dementia cases. Neuroinflammation increasingly recognised its roles in pathogenesis which, part, links amyloid-beta to neuronal death. Neuroinflammatory signalling can be exhibited by neurons themselves, potentially leading widespread cell death, although neuroinflammation commonly associated with glial ce...

The most intense endogenous transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 expression was detected in osteoblasts and fibroblasts in the mid-palatal suture 24 hours after the start of palatal expansion with an immunohistochemical technique. Based on these data, local effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in the expanding mid-palatal suture of the rat were examined. Single doses of ...

In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, the baseline mRNA and protein levels of an inducible type of nitric oxide synthase were barely detectable. Interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 beta each markedly increased mRNA and protein levels of this enzyme in parallel with the production of nitrite, a stable oxidative metabolite of nitric oxide. Actinomycin D abolished ...

Background Beta cell dysfunction and death are critical steps in the development of both type 1 2 diabetes (T1D T2D), but underlying mechanisms incompletely understood. Activation essential tumor suppressor transcription factor P53 was linked to beta vitro has been reported several mouse models cells humans with T2D. Therefore, we investigated specific role dysfunction, vivo.