conclusions we advocate that unream nailing in traumatic femoral shaft fractures is a simple, safe and effective procedure with significant advantages, especially in multitrauma patients. patients and methods between january 2008 and august 2009, 50 patients with femoral shaft fractures were treated with unreamed or reamed femoral nails in our clinic. from this prospective single centre study, ...

Faults in computer networks may result in millions of dollars in cost. Faults in a network need to be localized and repaired to keep the health of the network. Fault management systems are used to keep today’s complex networks running without significant cost, either by using active techniques or passive techniques. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on imperialist competitive alg...

Hydraulic fracturing of deep shale beds to develop natural gas has caused concern regarding the potential for various forms of water pollution. Two potential pathways-advective transport through bulk media and preferential flow through fractures-could allow the transport of contaminants from the fractured shale to aquifers. There is substantial geologic evidence that natural vertical flow drive...

Similarity concept, finding the resemblance or classifying some groups of objects and study their common properties has been the interest of many researchers. Basically, in the studies the similarity between two objects or phenomena, 2-similarity in our words, has been discussed. In this paper, we consider the case when the resemblance or similarity among three objects or phenomena of a set, 3-...

A large fraction of major intracontinental strike-slip faults, defi ned here as those slipping at rates of ~10 mm/yr or more, lie adjacent to relatively strong regions, such as oceanic lithosphere or Precambrian shields. We suggest that such faults form adjacent to discontinuities in strength, because strain in a continuous medium must concentrate near such strong objects. Concentration in stra...

A set of fracture zones left by transform faults segmenting the active Chile Ridge that separates Nazca and Antarctica Plates has been subducting beneath western Patagonia in last 18 Myr. The subduction direction these fractures remained almost unaltered during this time lapse since intersected Chilean trench. In context, analyzed Patagonian sector is associated with a highly buoyant oceanic fl...