BACKGROUND Virginiamycin use in poultry selects for Enterococcus faecium with cross-resistance to quinupristin-dalfopristin, a drug for vancomycin-resistant E. faecium in humans. We conducted an epidemiologic study of poultry exposures as risk factors for human carriage of quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant E. faecium. METHODS Rectal or fecal samples for E. faecium testing were obtained from...

E are intrinsically resistant to many antimicrobial agents and have acquired resistance to commonly used agents, including ampicillin and aminoglycosides. Gylcopeptide antibiotics (including vancomycin) are the main option for treating multi-resistant enterococcus isolates. However, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are becoming a major concern in medical practice.1 The VRE fecal colonizat...

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants is the main reservoir of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, which is responsible for food-borne infections in humans that can lead to severe kidney disease. Characterization of biotic and abiotic factors that influence the carriage of these pathogens by the ruminant would help in the development of ecological strategies to reduce their survival in ...

On-farm reduction of Salmonella carriage prevalence in pigs requires the identification of risk factors to direct interventions development. This study was designed to determine if split marketing of finishing pigs constitutes a risk factor for Salmonella infections, by comparing Salmonella prevalence in the first group of pigs selected for harvest ("first pull") versus the prevalence in the la...

The relationship between asymptomatic shedding of bacterial enteropathogens and the hygiene habits of families who have had a child with typhoid fever (TF) are investigated. The sample was made up of 80 families: 40 families in which one child had had TF (Group A) and 40 in which no children or either of the parents had had a history of TF (Group B). In each group 20 families belonged to a low ...

Incidence of MBL producing isolates has been increasing distinctly over last few years. Discovery of NDM-1 in Enterobacteriaceae has further complexed the picture. Treatment of these patients pose a serious challenge, as these pathogens are resistant to all commonly used antibiotics. Plasmidic location of the gene has facilitated their spread to the normal human flora. The emergence of these st...

In 928 Dallas County Jail detainees, nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus was found in 32.8% (26.5% methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus [MSSA] and 6.3% methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]), and hand carriage was found in 24.9% (20.7% MSSA and 4.1% MRSA). Among MRSA nasal carriers, 41% had hand MRSA carriage; 29% with hand MRSA carriage had no nasal S. aureus carriage. The preval...

background: this study investigated the interaction between heterotrophic bacteria and coliform, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci bacteria in water supply networks. methods: this study was conducted during 2013 on water supply distribution network in aq qala city, golestan province, northern iran and standard methods were applied for microbiological analysis. the surface method was applied t...

dehydrogenase (GDH) testing does not distinguish toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains, use of this assay as the initial screening test in a 2-step algorithm may result in identification of fecal excretors of nontoxigenic C. difficile who would be isolated (ie, GDH positive, toxin negative). Nontoxigenic C. difficile strains do not cause disease and isolation is not required. A third step NAAT tes...

Salmonella has been detected in the feces of many wildlife species, including raccoons (Procyon lotor), but little is known about the epidemiology of Salmonella in wildlife living in different habitat types. Our objective was to investigate demographic, temporal, and climatic factors associated with the carriage of Salmonella in raccoons and their environment on swine farms and conservation are...