Differences in the composition and subcellular localization of heteroreceptors brain can trigger central nervous system diseases, including epilepsy autism. Protein-protein interactions between Dopamine Receptors (DRs) GLUN2A GLUN2B subunits are critical mechanisms that regulate dopamine glutamate coordinated signals. These may be involved pathophysiological predisposition epilepsy. We hypothes...

Background and Objectives: Previous studies have shown the antinociceptive effect of morphine in animal models, but the specific anti-pain consequence of the abuse drug in female animals is unclear. The present research showed the morphine antinociception in female Wistar rats using formalin test. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 40 female Wistar rats purchased from Pasteur Institute of Ir...

Michler's ketone, a dye intermediate and derivative of dimethylaniline, was selected for bioassay by the National Cancer Institute because of the elevated incidence of bladder cancer noted among dye manufacturing industry workers. A bioassay for the possible carcinogenicity of technical-grade Michler's ketone was conducted using Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Michler's ketone was administere...

Acute cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase release) of trichloroethylene (TRI), S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione (DCVG), and S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC) in freshly isolated renal cortical cells and hepatocytes from male and female rats was evaluated to test the hypothesis that the assay provides a valid indicator of sex- and tissue-dependent differences in sensitivity to TRI and its ...

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), the prodrug of mycophenolic acid (MPA), is included in current combination immunosuppressive regimens following organ transplant. Treatment with MMF often results in dose-limiting gastrointestinal (GI) side effects. The underlying mechanisms responsible for these side effects are not fully understood, but exposure of the intestinal epithelia to MPA during enterohepa...

Abstract Background and Aims Female rats excrete more urine sodium than male with similar blood pressure (BP). However, it is not clear whether the sex difference in natriuresis conserved menopausal rats. We assessed natriuretic response renal transporter activity ovariectomized female infused angiotensin II (ANGII) could be affected by estrogen supplementation. Method Six-week-old Sprague-Dawl...

The metabolism of Sa-[4-Wlandrostane-3a, 17@-diol was studied in the microsomal fraction of livers from adult male and female rats after castration and treatment with various steroid hormones and drugs. In intact male control rats 5cr[4-14C]androstane-3a, 176.diol was hydroxylated in positions 20(, Z/3, 7cu, 7@, and 18, whereas female control rats only hydroxylated in positions Za! and 7cu. Cas...

The distribution of fat in the body differs between the male and female sexes and is associated with the relative secretion of the two "adiposity" hormones leptin and insulin. We now report that the brains of male and female rats are differentially sensitive to the catabolic actions of small doses of these two hormones. Leptin (1 or 3.5 microg/2 microl) or saline (2 microl) was administered int...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent in women; however, preclinical research on PTSD has predominantly been conducted male animals. Using a predator scent (PSS) rodent model of PTSD, we sought to determine if stress-susceptible female rats show altered monoamine concentrations brain regions associated with PTSD: the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and dor...