Introduction: The twin Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) Spirit and Opportunity have explored the Martian surface at Gusev Crater (GC) and Meridiani Planum (MP) for more that 1840 sols (more than 5 Earth years). Their science payload [1] includes instruments for mineralogical (Mössbauer (MB), Mini-TES, and Pancam) and chemical (APXS) analysis and a tool (RAT) for brushing and grinding rock surfaces...

In spite of the environmental and commercial interests in the bacterial leaching of pyrite, two central questions have not been answered after more than 35 years of research: does Thiobacillus ferrooxidans enhance the rate of leaching above that achieved by ferric sulfate solutions under the same conditions, and if so, how do the bacteria affect such an enhancement? Experimental conditions of p...

In this research, the quality of wastewater discharged into environment has been investigated. The effluent from solar desalination pond contains large amounts TDS (3.68 grams per liter) and TH (6.50 liter). Since use filter is not economical in case, three types commercial coagulants such as aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride sulfide have used study. main parameters effectiveness inorganic coag...

A simplified scheme of analysis is presented for the determination of free and esterified cholesterol, the phospholipids, and the neutral fats (triglycerides) of blood serum. The hydroxamic acid reaction is used to determine total esterified fatty acids. The phospholipids are determined after acid digestion of a trichloroacetic acid precipitate of protein-phospholipid, and both total and free c...

the efficiency of existing municipal wastewater treatment plants has been affected by the increase of incoming organic load caused by the expansions in developing countries. in the present investigation, the effect of chemically enhanced primary treatment (cept) process was studied on the enhancement efficiency of a municipal wastewater treatment plant in tehran, iran. jar test results showed a...

Observations in enrichment cultures of ferric iron-reducing bacteria indicated that ferrihydrite was reduced to ferrous iron minerals via sulfur cycling with sulfide as the reductant. Ferric iron reduction via sulfur cycling was investigated in more detail with Sulfurospirillum deleyianum, which can utilize sulfur or thiosulfate as an electron acceptor. In the presence of cysteine (0.5 or 2 mM)...