PURPOSE To report the prevalence of ocular abnormalities in a group of Portuguese children with a complete fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). METHODS Complete ophthalmologic examination in a sample of consecutive children with FAS. Ocular fundus photography was carried out on the cooperative FAS children and on 25 reference children. Ocular fundus anomalies were recorded by the observation of ocul...

Prenatal exposure to alcohol (ethanol) results in a continuum of physical, neurological, behavioral, and learning defects collectively grouped under the heading Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome [4] (FAS) was first defined in 1973 as a condition characterized by preand postnatal growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and defects of the central nervous system [5]...

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is caused by maternal alcohol use during pregnancy and is one of the leading causes of preventable birth defects and developmental disabilities. The FAS phenotype is characterized by a combination of facial dysmorphic features, growth retardation, and central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities. State-based estimates of the prevalence of FAS in the United States vary...

A young patient, 10 years of age (Fig. 1), was referred to us by her dentist for the correction of an excessive overjet, caused by finger sucking. She presented with delayed growth and short stature and was being treated for these conditions at a hospital facility. Initially it was difficult to examine her because she was very apprehensive. The extraoral examination revealed mildly atypical fac...

Damage resulting from alcohol to the fetus has been observed since biblical times, yet not until 1973 was it formally recognized as Fetal Alcohol S y n d rome (FA S ) .4 Diagnosis of FAS re q u i res a positive history of maternal alcohol consumption during pre g n a n c y, as well as three criteria including p renatal and/or postnatal growth delay, characteristic cranio-facial anomalies, and c...

In the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) there is severe physical growth retardation both prenatally and postnatally. Secretion of growth hormone (GH) after insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and arginine infusion was analysed in 5 cases of FAS to find out whether changes in GH secretion might account for the abnormal growth pattern. Results showed a normal or slight hyper-response of GH up to 150 ng/ml,...

The unique facial appearance associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is emphasised in diagnosis, which relies, in part, on the comparison of linear measurements of facial features to population norms. We explore the use of shape analysis as an alternative diagnostic tool for FAS. This paper implements General Procrustes Analysis to compare the FAS facial shape with the normal facial shape....

Prenatal exposure to alcohol (ethanol) results in a continuum of physical, neurological, behavioral, and learning defects collectively grouped under the heading Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome [4] (FAS) was first defined in 1973 as a condition characterized by preand postnatal growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and defects of the central nervous system [5]...

Prenatal exposure to alcohol (ethanol) results in a continuum of physical, neurological, behavioral, and learning defects collectively grouped under the heading Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome [4] (FAS) was first defined in 1973 as a condition characterized by preand postnatal growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and defects of the central nervous system [5]...