this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mandatory of self-fertilization on morphological and agronomic traits of orchad grass. three populations including self-fertilization, open pollination and parental genotypes (each consisted of 25 genotype of orchad grass) were evaluated using a split plot experiment according to a randomized complete block design. significant differences were ...

The evolutionary emergence of new pathogens via mutation poses a considerable risk to human and animal populations. Most previous studies have investigated cases where a potentially pandemic strain emerges though mutation from an initial maladapted strain (i.e., its basic reproductive ratio R0 < 1). However, an alternative (and arguably more likely) cause of novel pathogen emergence is where a ...

in order to investigate the effects of municipal waste compost and benefit fungi of trichoderma species on seedling emergence parameters, growth and some micronutrients uptake of garden cress a pot experiment was carried out in factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications. treatments consisted of three levels of municipal waste compost (15, 30, 45 mg ha-1 ...

Self-organization and pattern formation represent the emergence of order in temporal and spatial processes. Self-organization in population ecology is gaining attention due to the recent advances concerning temporal fluctuations in the population size of dispersal-linked subunits. We shall report that spatially structured models of population renewal promote the emergence of a complex power law...

the wood boring beetle, chrysobothris affinis is the most destructive pest of albezia lebeck in landscape of ahwaz. population fluctuations of the pest were investigated on albezia lebbeck in ahwaz landscape during 2010 - 2011. sampling was monthly performed. in each sampling date, ten trees were randomly chosen and damage symptoms of the pest were monitored. when damage symptoms observed in st...

use of plant growth promoting bacteria (pgpb) and high quality of seed as agricultural inputs play important roles in sustainable crop production. to study the effects of different levels of seed aging and pgpb&apos;s application on field emergence, seedling establishment and yield of two red kidney bean cultivars in field conditions, an experiment was carried out as factorial based in a rcbd d...

Understanding how evolution promotes pathogen emergence would aid disease management, and prediction of future host shifts. Increased pathogen infectiousness of different hosts may occur through direct selection, or fortuitously via indirect selection. However, it is unclear which type of selection tends to produce host breadth promoting pathogen emergence. We predicted that direct selection fo...

This article deals with the emergence of a specific mating preference pattern called homogamy in population. Individuals are characterized by their genotype at two haploid loci, and population dynamics is modelled non-linear birth-and-death process. The first locus codes for phenotype, while second defined respect to locus: individuals more (resp. less) likely reproduce each other if they carry...