Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is becoming a critical health concern that affects people living in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has been demonstrated to be a clinical and cost-effective approach to minimizing the effects of COPD. Despite global predictions of an increased incidence of COPD, there continues to be an important misalignment ...

Financial time series exhibit time-varying volatilities and non-Gaussian distributions. There has been considerable research on the GARCH models for dealing with these issues related to financial data. Since in practice the true error distribution is unknown, various quasi maximum likelihood methods based on different assumptions on the error distribution have been studied in the literature. Ho...