The origins of herding practices in southern Africa remain controversial. The first appearance of domesticated caprines in the subcontinent is thought to be c. 2000 years BP; however, the origin of this cultural development is still widely debated. Recent genetic analyses support the long-standing hypothesis of herder migration from the north, while other researchers have argued for a cultural ...

Abstract This study employs ceramic petrography to establish if the existing typology-based divisions for so-called Middle Nubian cultures can be related variations in technologies during mid-second millennium BC (c. 1800–1550 BC). Raw materials, paste recipes, and firing technology are analyzed identify similarities differences between C-Group, Pan-Grave, Kerma traditions. Three distinct fabri...

The unprovenanced and stylistically unusual wooden boat model (AM E60381) from the Australian Museum collection is examined to assess its identity age. analyses of construction method, wood, pigments, gesso demonstrate boat’s compatibility with ancient Egyptian craftwork. Three species wood are identified: cedar Lebanon (Cedrus libani), sycomore fig (Ficus sycomorus), sidr (Ziziphus spina-chris...

A wall relief, comprising five figures carved on a bench in communal building dating to the ninth millennium BC, was found south-eastern Turkey 2021. It constitutes earliest known depiction of narrative ‘scene’, and reflects complex relationship between humans, natural world animal life that surrounded them during transition sedentary lifestyle.

MIC and disk diffusion quality control (QC) ranges were established for two new pleuromutilin antimicrobials (BC-3205 and BC-3781) in an eight-laboratory study performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M23-A3 guidelines. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and 25923, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619, and Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 4927 strains were evaluated. The propo...

This article considers the types of tools made from livestock mandibles, which have been found in Bronze Age settlements Central Kazakhstan. In this article, we consider study bone artifacts Atasu microdistrict (Atasu, Myrzhyk, Akmaya, Akmustafa) and Taldysai settlement. A feature that existed second half 2nd - early 1st millennium BC.

Primitive culture has always been of great interest to modern man. The need find answers too many questions related this period remains relevant day. Archaeologists, culturologists, historians, art historians have made discoveries and studies study the primitive era on territory Azerbaijan. This article analyzes society Azerbaijan, covering from 1.5 million years ago end 2nd millennium BC.

The history of leprosy dates back to the time of human existence and is also mentioned in the Avesta (1). The Vandidad refers to Thrita as the first Aryan physician who was capable of treating several diseases including leprosy (1). However, no visual example indicating the effect of leprosy on the Iranian culture and artifacts has been reported while it can be seen in other cultures in forms o...

The world’s first cities emerged on the plains of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) in the fourth millennium BC. Attempts to understand this settlement process have assumed revolutionary social change, the disappearance of kinship as a structuring principle, and the appearance of a rational bureaucracy. Most assume cities and state-level social organization were deliberate functional adaptati...