Flagellin is bacterial protein that serves as a danger signal across a wide variety of eukaryotes and is a potent inducer of inflammatory effector responses in the mammalian gut. Recent findings utilizing purified flagellin and flagellate/aflagellate bacteria in in vitro and in vivo systems have revealed the important roles played by flagellin in the initial encounter between mucosa and flagell...

The 41 kD flagellin of Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi) is a major component of periplasmic flagellar filament core and a good candidate for serodiagnosis in early stage of Lyme disease. Here, we chose 89 B. burgdorferi strains in China, amplified the gene encoding the 41 kD flagellin, and compared the sequences. The results showed that genetic diversity presented in the 41 kD flagellin ge...

An in vitro system for reconstituting flagellar filaments onto hooks of filamentless mutants of Salmonella typhimurium was used to investigate the role played in filament formation by the three hook-associated proteins (HAPs, products of the flaW, flaU, and flaV genes). These proteins--FlaW, FlaU, and FlaV--are believed to be assembled in this order at the distal end of the hook. When the recip...

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of pneumonia in infants and the elderly. Innate defenses are essential to the control of pneumococcal infections, and deficient responses can trigger disease in susceptible individuals. Here we showed that flagellin can locally activate innate immunity and thereby increase the resistance to acute pneumonia. Flagellin mucosal treatment improved S. pneumo...

of papers 33 3. Abstract of papers Paper I. Immune response of Atlantic salmon to recombinant flagellin Many viral vaccines used in aquaculture are unable to stimulate an appropriate level of immunity to withstand infection. By targeting specific components of the immune system it may be possible to trigger stronger, more effective responses to antigens. Flagellin has the ability to stimulate b...

Flagellin, the monomeric subunit of flagella, is an inducer of proinflammatory mediators. Bacterial flagellin genes have conserved domains (D1 and D2) at the N terminus and C terminus and a middle hypervariable domain (D3). To identify which domains induced proinflammatory activity, r6-histidine (6HIS)-tagged fusion constructs were generated from the Salmonella dublin (SD) fliC flagellin gene. ...

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the flagellin central domain coding region (FCD-PCR) was applied to the detection and discrimination of Bacillus subtilis DB9011, a strain with useful functions in agriculture. Cross-reactions were observed in 4 B. subtilis strains with similar flagellin genes (hag). Alignment of partial amino-acid sequences of flagellin and the results of PCR for the 16S/23S...

Background: Multi drug resistance (MDR) P. aeruginosa consider the main cause of morbidity in hospitalize patients suffering from chronic airway infections such as pulmonary disease, pneumonia and cystic fibrosis (CF). Also, rapidly development antibiotic to last generations a broad spectrum were detected for many isolates. Accordingly vaccines have potential prevent treatment infections. Aim: ...

BACKGROUND Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), highly expressed by keratinocytes in skin lesions of atopic dermatitis patients and bronchial epithelial cells in asthma, plays a key role in allergic diseases. Information on triggers for the release of TSLP in keratinocytes is still limited. Keratinocytes express Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5, the ligand for which is flagellin, the major structural...