Quantification of prepared samples by analysis using high performance liquid chromatography with DAD detection was developed to analyze rutin, 6-methoxyapigenin, and 6-methoxyapigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside isolated from methanolic extracts of different genus: Syngonanthus, Leiothix and Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae). The linearity, accuracy, and the inter-day precision of the procedure were ev...

Phytochemical analysis of the antioxidant ethanolic extract of Alternanthera tenella Colla led to the isolation of six flavonoids, acacetin 8-C-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside] (1), 2"-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-vitexin (2), 2"-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-vitexin (3), vitexin (4), quercetin (5) and kaempferol (6). All the structures were established by ESI-MS and NMR spectr...

Microwave extraction of phytochemicals from medicinal plant materials has generated tremendous research interest and shown great potential. This research highlights the importance of microwave extraction in the analysis of flavonoids, isoflavonoid and phenolics and the antioxidant properties of extracts from three varieties of the Malaysian medicinal herb, Labisia pumila Benth. High and fast ex...

Lilium candidum L. (Liliaceae), the so called “white Madonna lily”, is well known in folk medicine for the treatment of burns, ulcers, inflammations and for healing wounds. Lilium candidum L. extract contains various biologically active compounds. As the antimutagenic activity of natural compounds often correlates with antioxidant effects and contents of phytochemical substances from the flavon...

There are several species of plants used by traditional communities in the Brazilian semiarid. An approach used in the search for natural substances that possess therapeutic value is ethnobotany or ethnopharmacology. Active substances that have phenolic groups in their structure have great pharmacological potential. To establish a quantitative relationship between the species popularly consider...

In a series of experiment, the response of two contrasting potato species, namely,  Solanum acaule (tolerant) and Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria (intolerant) to salt (80 mM NaCl) and drought stress (15% polyethylene glycol;PEG) was studied in vitro. Furthermore, the role of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) (1 and 10 µM) in alleviating oxidative stress was investigated. In Agria cultivar, NaCl and PEG r...

Licorice contains flavonoids and triterpenoids as the major bioactive components. Most of the flavonoids are the glycosidic form of liquiritigenin (LIQ), isoliquiritigenin (ISO) and formononetin (FOR). A reversed-phase HPLC method for the quantification of LIQ, ISO and FOR in licorice was developed. This method does not measure each glycoside but measures the aglycones using acid hydrolysis. Al...

An aqueous leaf extract of Talinum triangulare was screened for the presence of bioactive molecules, using gas chromatography coupled with pulse and flame ionization detectors. It had high carotenoids; moderate benzoic acid derivatives, hydroxycinnamates and flavonoids; and low terpenes, alkaloids, phytosterols, allicins, glycosides, saponins, and lignans contents. Ten known carotenoids (mainly...

Experimental investigations of the neural substrate of consciousness typically take one of two paths, studying (1) contents or (2) levels of consciousness. It seems obvious to most that these two "paths" are interrelated, yet much less obvious how. This paper gives one suggestion to grasp the interrelation, arguing that conscious levels are determined by conscious contents in a very specific wa...