Coordinated landing requires preparation. Muscles in the limbs important for decelerating the body should be activated prior to impact so that joints may be stiffened and limbs stabilized during landing. Moreover, because landings vary in impact force and timing, muscle recruitment patterns should be modulated accordingly. In toads, which land using their forelimbs, previous work has demonstrat...

PURPOSE As long as the neuromuscular stabilizers are intact, a lesion of the scapholunate ligament may or may not progress to a carpal instability. The mechanisms by which the muscles compensate this defect are not very well known. We designed an experimental study with the aim of clarifying these mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHOD Using 10 fresh wrists, with no pre-existing lesions, we studied ...

BACKGROUND Tendinopathy of the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon is a rare entity. Recent research revealed the role of a neurovascular ingrowth at the point of pain in various tendinopathic locations, such as at the Achilles and patellar tendon, in plantar fasciitis as well as in supraspinatus and tennis elbow tendinopathy. However, beyond the elbow no such neovascularisation has been reported to da...

The objective of the article is to evaluate the impact of the friction force mouse-pad in the contraction level of the forearm muscles M. extensor carpi ulnaris, M. extensor digitorum and M. extensor carpi radialis longus. A standard protocol of mouse movements was performed involving horizontal, vertical and diagonal mouse displacements drag-anddrop type. The operators were instructed to execu...

tunnel syndrome, the second most common compression neuropathy of the upper extremity. Patients often present with pain, paresthesias and/or weakness that if left untreated may lead to significant disability. This article reviews the etiology, diagnosis and management of cubital tunnel syndrome. The ulnar nerve originates from branches of the C8 and T1 spinal nerve roots and is the terminal bra...

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of radial shock waves (rESW) for wrist and fingers flexors spasticity in stroke patients. Methods. Twenty patients with upper limb muscle spasticity were enrolled in the study and treated with a single session of rESW. The spasticity level of the radio carpal (RC) and finger (FF) joints was assessed using Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). The resting bioele...

Since 1895, when de Quervain first described stenosing tenovaginitis of the tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis at the radial styloid, a number of similar lesions have been described around the wrist joint. The tendons involved include extensor digiti minimi (Drury 1955), extensor carpi ulnaris (Dickson and Luckey 1948), flexor carpi radialis (Fitton, Shea and Goldi...

background: a glass injury to the wrist and forearm is a common condition in adults and children that may cause significant discomfort and disability. this study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of preoperative examination of this injury. methods: in this prospective study, among patients referred to kashani hospital in isfahan, iran from august 2006 to march 2008, 150 patients with glass...