Purpose: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the Amorphophallus Bulbifer in Wistar rats and mice. Methods: The anti-inflammatory activity of the hydroalcohol extract of A. bulbifer whole plant at dose levels of 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o. in rats was determined with a plethysmograph paw volume difference of the animals preand post-treatment. Ibuprofen (10 mg/kg) was empl...

Moving objects past arms’ reach is a common action in both realworld and digital tabletops. In the real world, the most common way to accomplish this task is by throwing or sliding the object across the table. Sliding is natural, easy to do, and fast: however, in digital tabletops, few existing techniques for long-distance movement bear any resemblance to these real-world motions. We have desig...

OBJECTIVE Previous in vitro studies have shown that the degradation of [Leu5]enkephalin during incubation with cerebral membrane preparations is almost completely prevented by a mixture of three peptidase inhibitors such as amastatin, captopril, and phosphoramidon. The present in vivo study was performed to examine the antinociceptive effect of [Leu5]enkephalin administered intrathecally under ...

Salvia divinorum is a hallucinogenic plant used by the Mazatec Indians of Mexico for traditional spiritual ceremonies. The active constituent, salvinorin A, induces profound hallucinations, however the biological mechanism for this action is not known. Affinity-binding studies suggest that the biologic activity of salvinorin A involves the kappa-opioid receptor. The purpose of this study was to...

The coral pathogen, Vibrio coralliilyticus shows specific chemotactic search pattern preference for oxic and anoxic conditions, with the newly identified 3-step flick search pattern dominating the patterns used in oxic conditions. We analyzed motile V. coralliilyticus cells for behavioral changes with varying oxygen concentrations to mimic the natural coral environment exhibited during light an...

OBJECTIVES Analgesic effects of oxytocin and it's the other physiological effects were well-known. The aim of present study was determination of nitric oxide role on analgesic effects of oxytocin in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS 216 male Albino mice were divided randomly into two experimental groups, tail flick and formalin test. Each experimental group consists of three main groups including: ...

The action mechanism for the production of spinal analgesia of KK-3, tyrosyl-N-methyl-gamma-aminobutylyl-phenylalaninol, was examined by the tail pinch and tail flick methods. Intrathecal KK-3, 2.5, 5 and 10 nmol/mouse, dose-dependently produced an analgesic effect in both methods. In the tail pinch method, the analgesia was suppressed by 2 mg/kg but not by 1 mg/kg of naloxone; however, the ana...

A close relationship exists between calcium concentration in the central nervous system and nociceptive processing. Aminoglycoside antibiotics and magnesium interact with N- and P/Q-type voltage-operated calcium channels. In the present study we compare the antinociceptive potency of intrathecal administration of aminoglycoside antibiotics and magnesium chloride in the tail-flick test and on in...

Effect of four calcium channel blockers (CCBs) belonging to different chemical classes, alone and in combination with morphine was investigated on two models of pain sensitivity, i.e. formalin and tail flick tests in mice. All the studied CCBs, i.e. diltiazem, flunarizine, nimodipine and verapamil inhibited formalin-induced pain responses; however, with verapamil, though there was a trend towar...

Introduction: Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in the inner mitochondrial membrane changes the activity of KATP channels and the cell excitability, probably by decreasing the ATP production. Given the expression of UCP2 in primary afferent neurons, and the importance of these channels in morphine-induced analgesia, genipin, an UCP2 inhibitor, may affect these processes, when administrated intratheca...