We present four movies demonstrating the effect of flicker and blur on the magnitude and speed of adaptation for foveal and peripheral vision along the three color axes that isolate retinal ganglion cells projecting to magno, parvo, and konio layers of the LGN. The demonstrations support the eye movement hypothesis for Troxler fading for brightness and color, and demonstrate the effects of flic...

The apparatus to measure multi-point critical flicker fusion frequency (MCFF) was devised for more precise determination of the critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF). Using this apparatus, the variations in flicker value after the work load of the television (TV) game, the Kraepelin using the video display terminal (VDT-Kraepelin) and the paper-Kraepelin were examined in order to test its pra...

The mere presence of spatiotemporal distortions in digital videos does not have to imply quality degradation since distortion visibility can be strongly reduced by the perceptual phenomenon of visual masking. Flicker is a particularly annoying occurrence, which can arise from a variety of distortion processes. Yet flicker can also be suppressed by masking. We propose a perceptual flicker visibi...

This paper proposes a method to estimate the flicker severity index using the Hadamard transform. A weighting filter in the sequency domain is utilized for direct computation of the flicker index. The proposed method is compared with a flicker meter in the frequency domain that uses the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). It is seen by numerical simulations that the proposed method yields flicker sev...

Fundamental limits for photon counting and photon energy measurement are reviewed for CCD and CMOS imagers. The challenges to extend photon counting into the visible/nIR wavelengths and achieve energy measurement in the UV with specific read noise requirements are discussed. Pixel flicker and random telegraph noise sources are highlighted along with various methods used in reducing their contri...

The electroretinogram (ERG) has been a traditional tool for the measurement and the analysis of spectral sensitivity. With the appropriate choices of stimulus and measurement conditions, the ERG permits a noninvasive examination of photopigment complement and provides the means for studying the combination of spectral signals at various locations throughout the retina. There are a number of pra...

Accurate modelling of the Electric arc furnace (EAF) is necessary to study its impact on power systems. Here, a new model for EAF presented in which both non-linearity and time-varying characteristics are taken into account. The consists seven parallel current sources represent fundamental harmonic currents. Magnitude phase magnitude second seventh harmonics considered as updated every 0.01 s. ...

Theories as to the etiology of amblyopia (also called amblyopia ex anopsia, strabis­ mus amblyopia, and amblyopia without ophthalmoscopic signs) may roughly be divided into two groups depending upon whether the primary defect is postulated in the cere­ bral cortex or in the retina. Wald and Burian who are among the most lucid ad­ vocates of the former position described measurements on five cas...