The relative value of currencies varies considerably over time. These fluctuations bring uncertainty to international traders. As a result, the volatility in exchange rate movements may influence the volume and the price of traded commodities. The volatility of exchange rates was measured by the variance of residuals in a GARCH(1,1) model of the exchange rate. We estimated the effect of this ex...

One of the ongoing challenges for academic, biotech and pharma organizations involved in oncology-related research and development is how to help scientists be more effective in transforming new scientific ideas into products that improve patients' lives. Decreasing the time required between bench work and translational study would allow potential benefits of innovation to reach patients more q...

In this paper we investigate natural gas producer’s reactions to changes in market prices. We estimate price elasticities of aggregated supply in the most competitive market for natural gas: the United States. Using monthly time series data form 1987 to 2012 our analysis is based on an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound Cointegration approach to obtain short and long-run elasticities o...

This paper is concerned with the problem of measuring market response to a "communications mix" -the various means which a firm employs to transmit sales messages to potential buyers. Distributed lag models are applied to time series data for an ethical drug to estimate the short-run and long-run effects on market share of expenditures made for journal advertising, direct mail advertising and s...

The aim of this work was to prepare a combined drug dosage form of famotidine (FAM) and quercetin (QRT) to augment treatment of gastric ulcer. FAM was prepared as freeze-dried floating alginate beads using ion gelation method and then coated with Eudragit RL100 to sustain FAM release. QRT was prepared as solid dispersion with polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 to improve its solubility. Photo images and...

A novel method for determining the set of parameters for a phase space representation of a time series is proposed. Based upon the differential entropy, both the optimal embedding dimension , and time lag , are simultaneously determined. The choice of these parameters is closely related to the length of the optimal tap input delay line of an adaptive filter or time-delay neural network. The met...