A major characteristic of dynamic regions or sets of dynamic regions is that external exports and imports are very significant in comparison with internally generated flows. Yet, it is precisely these flows of external exports and imports that are not evaluated in conventional regional input-output (I-O) analysis. The conventional approach merely determines internal flows of intermediate inputs...

We study a simplistic model of instationary gas flows consisting of a sequence of k stationary gas flows. We present efficiently solvable cases and NP-hardness results, establishing complexity gaps between stationary and instationary gas flows (already for k = 2) as well as between instationary gas s-t-flows and instationary gas b-flows.

This paper examines the interaction among short-lived and long-lived TCP flows in a test network that can be operated as an ordinary best effort or as a Differentiated Services (DS) enabled network, and shows how TCP service can be improved by isolating TCP flows based on their different characteristics. The target of the measurements was to investigate the interaction among TCP flows having si...

intra-industry trade (iit) comprises of instantaneous imports and exports of goods and services which are handled in a same industry. the importance of iit between trading partners refers to those tradable products that provide them with diversity and high technology. to expand its foreign trade relations, iran indeed requires such trade patterns that include diversification of goods and servic...

virtual water adds a new dimension to crop trades and provides a new way of thinking about water scarcity. a systematic analysis of virtual water flows requires integration of all critical drivers of virtual water flows under a single consistent framework. the aim of this study was to assess virtual water flows related to trades of grain crops (wheat, corn, rice, and coarse cereals) and their i...

flood routing has many applications in engineering projects and helps designers in understanding the flood flow characteristics in river flows. floods are taken unsteady flows that vary by time and location. equations governing unsteady flows in waterways are continuity and momentum equations which in case of one-dimensional flow the saint-venant hypothesis is considered. dynamic wave model as ...

Abstract The occurrence of tailward flows in the magnetotail plasma sheet is closely linked to dynamics earthward bursty bulk (BBFs). Tailward that are observed vicinity these BBFs (or TWABs – around BBFs) may hold unique information on its origin. In this study, we conduct a statistical survey by using data from Cluster mission. We find ∼75% and their does not depend BBF velocity magnitude. ha...