BACKGROUND Compared to the general United States (U.S.) population, Arizona counties along the U.S.-Mexico border have a higher prevalence of dental caries, which can be reduced with adequate fluoride exposure. Because of concern regarding local tap water quality, fluoride-free bottled water consumption is common in this region, raising concern that families are not receiving adequate fluoride ...

Fluoride is ingested primarily through consuming drinking water. When drinking water contains fluoride concentrations>0.7 parts per million (ppm), consuming such water can be toxic to the human body; this toxicity is called "fluorosis." Therefore, it is critical to determine the fluoride concentrations in drinking water. The objective of this study was to determine the fluoride concentration in...

long-term ingestion of large amounts of fluoride can lead to potentially severe skeletal problems and neurological consequences. the study was conducted to assess and compare intelligence quotient of children living in high and low fluoride areas in kutch, gujarat, india.a cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 100 school children aged 8 to 10 years, living in kutch district, gu...

Research on the effects of fluorides on oral health has been in existence for almost a century. Following the observation that communities with naturally fluoridated drinking water had a lower incidence of tooth decay, many developed countries initiated artificial water fluoridation programmes, whereby fluoride is added to the reticulated water supply, such that it reaches approximately one par...

The purpose of present study was to evaluate fluoride, nitrate, iron, manganese and total hardness in drinking water of wells and reservoirs in Fereidonkenar, Mazandaran, Northern Iran and compare the results with national and international standards. This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on data during five years from the spring of 2008 until the autumn of 2013. Studies were p...

background; fluoride is an essential nutrient for the human body. the major routes of fluoride intake include food and drinking water, though the absorption of fluoride from food is much easier. the aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of fluoride in the soil and tomato and onion crops on farms of zanjan. methods; three farms of each crop (tomato and onion) were selected randomly. each ...

Fluoride has been reported to be among natural pollutant of water in Africa. High fluoride levels beyond the recommended World Health Organization limit of 1.5 mg/l has been observed in various Africa countries. However, the information is scattered in different publication medium. Therefore, objective of this work was to put together the information on fluoride levels in surface and groundwate...

CONTEXT Bottled water has become a status symbol and is frequently used in place of tap water. While both waters are considered safe to drink, is either more beneficial in preventing tooth decay and is there a difference in purity? OBJECTIVE To determine the fluoride level and bacterial content of commercially bottled waters municipal tap water and to compare the results. DESIGN Comparative...