We observed Sgr A* at 1.3 cm on 1992 November 8 with a 14 station VLBI array and, using data from 10 of these stations, obtained a high-dynamic range image with a beam of 3.35×1.7 milliarcseconds in position angle 14◦. The observed surface brightness distribution of Sgr A* is best modelled by an elliptically shaped gaussian component with parameter values: flux density 1.05 ± 0.10 Jy, major axi...

As preparation for this Dahlem Workshop on The Dynamics of Fault Zones, specifically on the subtopic “Rheology of Fault Rocks and Their Surroundings,” we addressed critical research issues for understanding the seismic response of fault zones in terms of the constitutive response of fault materials. This requires new concepts and a host of new observations and experiments to document material r...

Abstract The poleward heat flux by atmospheric waves plays a pivotal role in maintaining the meridional temperature gradient. A recent study found that Northern Hemisphere transient eddies has been weakening, and attributed this weakening to smaller equator‐to‐pole gradient caused Arctic warming. During period of 1979–2019 examined here, for annual mean, both synoptic‐scale eddy had indeed decl...

To prevent irreversible demagnetization of a permanent magnet (PM) for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) by flux-weakening control, a robust PM flux-linkage nonsingular fast terminal-sliding-mode observer (NFTSMO) is proposed to detect demagnetization faults. First, the IPMSM mathematical model of demagnetization is presented. Second, the construction of the NFTSMO to estima...

This letter describes a zero-speed start-up method of a speed sensorless stator-flux-oriented direct vector-controlled induction motor drive with the help of a machine current model that does not use any speed signal. The machine starts smoothly with vector control at finite developed torque and then transitions to the standard direct vector-control mode with the voltage model signals as the sp...