Modulation index estimation is important in the demodulation and recognition of Angle Modulation (AM) signals which include Frequency Modulation (FM) and Phase Modulation (PM) signals. In this paper, we firstly analyzed the AM signals with baseband modulation types, such as monotone, PSK, FSK, in the time and frequency domains. Then, we established a unified mathematical representation for the ...

AEP auditory evoked magnetic field AM amplitude modulation CV consonant-vowel DC direct current EEG electroencephalography ERP event related potential FM frequency modulation fMRI functional magnetic resonance HP Huggins pitch MEG magnetoencephalography MMF mismatch field MMN mismatch negativity POR pitch onset response RIS regular interval sound RMS root-mean-square SF sustained field STG supr...

BACKGROUND A growing body of research has demonstrated that impaired central pain modulation or central sensitization (CS) is a crucial mechanism for the development of persistent pain in chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) and fibromyalgia (FM) patients. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence for cognitive dysfunctions among these patients. In addition, chronic WAD and FM patients o...

Velocity modulation spectroscopy has been investigated in the terahertz region, employing pure rotational transitions of ArH and rotation-tunneling transitions of H3O + to study the competition between pressure broadening and Doppler broadening on the lineshapes, neutral suppression, and modulation efficiency. Velocity modulation is demonstrated to be effective to frequencies as low as 60 cm , ...

Recently introduced frequency modulation (FM) systems provide an adaptive adjustment to the emphasis of the FM system through the user’s hearing aid via VoicePriority iTM (VPi). VPi measures the noise level at the listener’s hearing aid microphone and adds gain to the FM signal when the background noise increases to a detrimental level. However, the potential benefi t of VPi technology has yet ...

In PSpice for Analog Communications Engineering we simulate the difficult principles of analog modulation using the superb free simulation software Cadence Orcad PSpice V10.5. While use is made of analog behavioral model parts (ABM), we use actual circuitry in most of the simulation circuits. For example, we use the 4-quadrant multiplier IC AD633 as a modulator and import real speech as the mod...

In today’s digital world, many established analog techniques are being replaced by modern digital alternatives. Digital modulation is now commonplace, particularly in mobile communications, but traditional analog amplitude and frequency modulation are still in widespread use. Laboratories performing RF calibration report that analog modulation meters and analyzers are a part of their workload t...

There are many different derivatives of the variable and fixed frequency switching control techniques used in load resonant converters. In this study; among these modulation (FM), phase shift (PSM) pulse density (PDM) applied separately to series converter (SRC). The examined compared respects. An experimental setup was built, which consists a 400W (with input voltage 200 V output 36V), circuit...

BACKGROUND Decoding of frequency-modulated (FM) sounds is essential for phoneme identification. This study investigates selectivity to FM direction in the human auditory system. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Magnetoencephalography was recorded in 10 adults during a two-tone adaptation paradigm with a 200-ms interstimulus-interval. Stimuli were pairs of either same or different frequency modu...