www.sciencedirect.com Carbohydrates and their conjugates represent the largest and most varied class of biological macromolecules. While protein and DNA are stuck with their linear arrangement of a limited repertoire of monomers, sugars can be linked to each other (or proteins, lipids) through a range of linkages giving rise to a bewildering and confusing set of tree-like molecules. Consequentl...

Identifying the environmental factors driving larval settlement processes is crucial to understand the population dynamics of marine invertebrates. This work aims to go a step ahead and predict larval presence and intensity. For this purpose we consider the influence of solar irradiance, wind regime and continental runoff on the settlement processes. For the first time, we conducted a 5-years w...

Abst rac t Balanus subalbidus (Henry) has the most oligohaline distribution of three congeneric barnacles in Chesapeake Bay and tolerates prolonged exposure to fresh water. We studied larval settlement (i.e., permanent attachment and metamorphosis) of B. subalbidus in the laboratory, over a 3 yr period, May 1989 to March 1992, under the following conditions: (1) across an array of salinities at...

This paper presents the assessment of consolidation and creep settlements an isolated circular footing supported on soft clay samples reinforced with a single granular column. Clay (300 mm dia., 400 high) were formed from reconstituted kaolin remoulded sleech (exhibiting significant creep). These tested using chambers various features to capture settlement under constant foundation loading. In ...

Shell foundations are often used to raise the carrying capacity of a structure on weak soils. In cases where large superstructure loads must be transferred poorer soils, shell more cost-effective than ordinary shallow foundations. Advances in study and design shell-type have shown their superiority over traditional footings The current aims investigate shape’s influence ultimate load capacity. ...

This study aims to increase the bearing capacity of soil by using geosynthetics in a single, double, or triple distribution pattern. The gypseous samples were brought from site near Sawa Lake Al-Muthanna Governorate with gypsum content about (37%), Soil-Model apparatus dimensions (60 × 60 50) cm proposed square footing (10 10) are used experimental program this study. To achieve goal, series (4...

Payment systems are one of the key Financial Market Infrastructures (FMIs) and have showed remarkable progress over the past two decades. The first half of this chapter focuses on the evolutionary process of payment systems, starting with the Deferred Net Settlement (DNS) system and progressing to the RealTime Gross Settlement (RTGS) system. Subsequently, much more sophisticated payment systems...