Companies increasingly adopt process-aware information systems (PAISs) to model, execute, monitor, and evolve their business processes. Though the handling of temporal constraints (e.g., deadlines, or time lags between activities) is crucial for the proper support of business processes, existing PAISs vary significantly regarding the support of the temporal perspective. Both the formal specific...

Programming language theorists have developed a number of techniques to formally capture the meaning of programming languages. As our epigram insists, these theories are best applied not when a language is too old for help, but when it is aborning and subject to guidance. XSLT is a language for transforming XML documents into other XML documents [XSLT]. A key element of XSLT is the sub-language...

This paper describes an approach, which uses formal specifications, for the classification of REA patterns and their building blocks. In general, classification is essential – especially when the number of patterns of a collection increases. Budgen [Bud03] stresses the need and importance of exploring and evaluating “the most effective ways to index and classify patterns.” The number of pattern...

a new approach is introduced to estimate the formal information of neurons. formal information, mainly discusses about the aspects of the response that is related to the stimulus. estimation is based on introducing a mathematical nonlinear model with hammerstein-wiener system estimator. this method of system identification consists of three blocks to completely describe the nonlinearity of inpu...

By capturing common structures of successful arguments, safety case patterns provide an approach for reusing strategies for reasoning about safety. In the current state of the practice, patterns exist as descriptive specifications with informal semantics, which not only offer little opportunity for more sophisticated usage such as automated instantiation, composition and manipulation, but also ...

This article sets forth a rigorous approach to the concept of a ‘design pattern language’. We present a method of using a programming language to manipulate constructs of ordinary OOP language (such as classes and relations). We show that the specification of many design patterns can phrased as algorithms in this metaprogramming environment. The advantage is in delivering a precise method of de...

A "s t ruc tura l descript ion" for two-dimensional black and white patterns is defined as the set of contour l ines for an appropriate function which f i ts the binary pat tern. These contour lines are mutually nonintersecting closed polygonal curves with edges in only eight different directions and they represent the bound­ ar ies between connected black and white areas of the pattern. Rigoro...

Combining expressiveness and plainness in the design of web documents is a difficult task. Validation languages are very powerful and designers are tempted to over-design specifications. This paper discusses an offbeat approach: describing any structured content of any document by only using a very small set of patterns, regardless of the format and layout of that document. A segmentation model...