We consider the problem of preprocessing an edge-weighted directed graph G to answer queries that ask for the length of a shortest path from any given vertex x to another given vertex y avoiding an arbitrary vertex or edge. As a natural application, this problem models routing in networks subject to node or link failures. We describe a deterministic oracle with constant query time for this prob...

this paper is about to discover the roots of formation of one of the political and social phenomena called political party in a particular period of iranian contemporary history. in the light of this kind of study we can go beyond the superficial and general analyses which are the characteristic of traditional and under developed societies unfortunately these analyses are used to justify all th...

introduction: optimal radiopacity is one of the properties required for a root canal sealer that helps the distinction between the sealer and surrounding anatomic structures and evaluation of the quality of root filling. so, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of six root canal sealers at different focal distances. materials and methods: in this in vitro study, six endodon...