Abstract The Kuwaiti economy is characterized by two major structural imbalances—heavy dependence on oil production and dominance of the public ownership. Kuwait has struggled over years to implement a two-pronged development strategy —diversifying country’s economic base away from sector promoting private development. This paper explores impact some policy reform options currently being consid...

Goals for reinforcement learning problems are typically defined through handspecified rewards. To design such problems, developers of learning algorithms must inherently be aware of what the task goals are, yet we often require agents to discover them on their own without any supervision beyond these sparse rewards. While much of the power of reinforcement learning derives from the concept that...

Computing the time evolution of quantum systems composed of many coupled degrees of freedom presents serious challenges. Currently, simulations of timedependent properties in polyatomic molecules, clusters, or condensed phases employ a variety of approximations, which are largely built around variational, quantum-classical or semiclassical ideas. While approximate methods have proven extremely ...

SARS, MERS and now SARS-CoV-2 are unlikely to be the last emerging infections we face during our lifetimes. Tracing contacts both forward backward through heterogeneous populations will prove essential future response strategies.

We perform a theoretical investigation on the Goos-Häenchen shift (the lateral shift) in one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) containing left-handed (LH) metamaterials. The effect was studied by use of a Gaussian beam. We show that the giant lateral displacement is due to the localization of the electromagnetic wave which can be both positive and negative depending on the incidence angle o...

This paper, I have focused on the tax side of the fiscal policy to  investigate the past and future behavior of fiscal sustainability in Iran. To do so, I have employed two different forward-looking and backward-looking approaches. First, the backward-looking approach is the fiscal policy rule proposed by Daving & Leeper (2011). Precisely, this rule determines that whether the fiscal policy is ...