The cleavage fracture of a carbon structural steel is shown to deviate from what is typical of a ferritic matrix. This occurs at temperatures ranging from 150 to 20 C and affects the scatter of fracture toughness, and fractographic features. To explain the observed discrepancies a probabilistic model is developed by linking physical mechanisms of cleavage with continuum mechanics analysis appli...

CONTEXT Fractures of proximal fifth metatarsal are one of the most common fractures of the foot. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A search of PubMed for studies on proximal fifth metatarsal fracture and Jones fracture focusing on the classification and management was performed. The reference list of the retrieved articles was searched for additional related studies. RESULTS The vascular supply and soft...

Crack propagation modeling in quasi-brittle materials such as concrete is essential for improving the reliability and load-bearing capacity assessment. Crack propagation explains many failure characteristics of concrete structures using the fracture mechanics approach. This approach could better explain the softening behavior of concrete structures. A great effort has been made in developing nu...

-The Cocos plate subducts beneath North America at the Mexico trench. The northernmost segment of this trench, between the Orozco and Rivera fracture zones, has ruptured in a sequence of five large earthquakes from 1973 to 1985: the Jan. 30, 1973 Colima event (M, 7.5) at the northern end of the segment near Rivera fracture zone; the Mar. 14, 1979 Petatlan event (M s 7.6) at the southern end of ...

We measure the thickness of the heavy water layer trapped under the stress corrosion fracture surface of silica using neutron reflectivity experiments. We show that the penetration depth is 65-85   Å, suggesting the presence of a damaged zone of ∼100   Å extending ahead of the crack tip during its propagation. This estimate of the size of the damaged zone is compatible with other recent results.

To summarize the clinical features of eyeball rupture with or without orbital fracture and explore the differences between them.In all, 197 patients were observed, and the following data were recorded: sex, age, time of injury, place of injury, cause of trauma, zone of eye injury, intraocular content prolapse, surgical methods and the therapeutic process, visual acuity after injury, and the fin...

[1] A single plane fracture with an axially symmetric stress distribution behaves as a seismic lens that focuses seismic energy to a beam ‘‘waist’’ at a focal plane. Both phase and amplitude effects on a seismic wave propagating across the fracture contribute to the lensing behavior. Radial gradients in the fracture specific stiffness cause wave refraction through a radially varying group time ...

It is well known that when coarse-grained metals undergo severe plastic deformation to be transformed into nano-grained metals, their ductility is reduced. However, there are no ductile fracture criteria developed based on grain refinement. In this paper, we propose a new relationship between ductile fracture and grain refinement during deformation, considering factors besides void nucleation a...

Waves reflected from and transmitted across fault zones can be used to extract information on those zones. Fault zones, characterized as either a low-velocity zone or fracture systems, modify the phase of the waveform and make the seismic response frequency dependent. In this paper we develop an extrapolation scheme for simulating fractures described as linear slip boundaries. Two 9 × 9 linear ...