fragmentation is one of the major spatial processes leading to change in a landscape, which is described as transformation of a specific habitat or land cover to smaller patches with less connectivity and viability. construction of roads is one of the main causes of fragmentation in natural areas and habitats. presence of roads in ecologically sensitive and protected areas, leads to destruction...

recent growth and developments in internet and electronic services play a significant role in banking industry all over the world especially in iran. it caused an intensive competition between governmental and non- governmental banks in the field of using e-banking services in a way that each bank attempts to attract more customers using high-quality e-services. ways of delivering services, qua...

The German health care system still is characterised by a strong segmentation of different sectors of care. Fragmentation leads to duplification of services, suboptimal quality outcomes and adds to rising health care costs. The Statutory Health Insurance Modernization Act 2004 introduced new ways of organizing care delivery into the German SHI system in an attempt to foster better coordination ...

Introduction There is on-going debate about the merits of programmes supported by international aid, with critics arguing that many programmes are unsustainable, that they follow international agendas and lead to fragmentation of national health systems. The debate focuses on large providing for patients’ health needs and the impact of the programme within the public health system. Vietnam has ...

Purpose: The 2008–2012 French Alzheimer plan is marked by the experimental implementation of “Homes for Integration and Autonomy for Alzheimer patients” with implementation of intensive case management process for people in complex situation. In 17 experimental sites, teams of case managers (CMs) have been implemented with a total of 67 case managers for performing an intensive case management....

One recommendation to states and communities from key stakeholders in the 1997 Impact Analysis was to include both acute and extended care services in managed care reforms. (For purposes of this study, “acute care” is defined as brief, short-term treatment with, in some cases, limited intermediate care also provided, and “extended care” is defined as care extending beyond the actute care stabil...

Introduction: The PRISMA France pilot project is ongoing since 2006. This project aims to implement an integrated services delivery (ISD) for elderly people, based on the PRISMA methodology. The experimentation is coupled with an implementation study to identify factors that facilitate and hinder the implementation. The fragmentation of public authorities represents one of the first barriers id...

With economic growth and the improvement of the urbanization level, human activities have constantly interfered with landscape patterns, resulting in serious threats to regional ecological security. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the evolution and optimization of the landscape patterns. Based on three TM images from 1990, 2000, and 2010, and selected landscape pattern indexes, ...

The transnational area of Changbai Mountain (TACM) is crucial to sustainable development in Northeast Asia owing to its abundant forest, which helps in maintaining biodiversity and multiple ecosystem services. However, the spatiotemporal patterns of forest in the TACM have been poorly understood across the whole region. The objectives of this study were to quantify the spatiotemporal patterns o...