In this article the structure of subjective well-being (SWB), the relationship between household income and SWB and mean differences in components of SWB in China and the USA are investigated. Both China and the USA were characterized in a three-factor model of SWB (life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect). Household income was more strongly positively correlated with the three m...

Efficient cooperation requires effective coordination of individual contributions to the cooperative behaviour. Most social birds and mammals involved in cooperation produce a range of vocalisations, which may be important in regulating both individual contributions and the combined group effort. Here we investigate the role of a specific call in regulating cooperative sentinel behaviour in pie...

The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the different properties of the operation Move before and after Spell-Out can be grounded in independently motivated properties of the minimalist program. To this end I will address two potential problems for the requirement that derivations must be uniform: (i) the obligatory nature of pied-piping prior to Spell-Out and (ii) the obligatory elim...

Social play is complicated to study because of its emergent, diverse, and inter-subjective nature. Since social psychology and sociology have studied human interactions in great detail and depth in real life, we propose that they can deepen our understandings of social game experience. Specifically, the interaction ritual theory (IR theory) from Micro-sociology that focuses on moment-to-moment ...

Relations among species in ecosystems can be represented by complex networks where both negative (competition) and positive (mutualism) interactions are concurrently present. Recently, it has been shown that many ecosystems can be cast into mutualistic networks, and that nestedness reduces effective inter-species competition, thus facilitating mutually beneficial interactions and increasing the...

Metaheuristic algorithms are used to solve NP-hard optimization problems. These algorithms have two main components, i.e. exploration and exploitation, and try to strike a balance between exploration and exploitation to achieve the best possible near-optimal solution. The bat algorithm is one of the metaheuristic algorithms with poor exploration and exploitation. In this paper, exploration and ...