Peppers (Capsicum spp.) are an important crop in the USA, with about 32,000 ha cultivated in 2007, which resulted in $588 million in farm revenue. The pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most troublesome insect pest of peppers in the southern United States. It is therefore urgent to find different vulnerabilities of pepper cultivars, fruit and plants parts...

ABSTRACT Blueberry fruit infected by Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, the causal agent of mummy berry disease, are unsuitable for use in processed food products. Fruit shipments that exceed a disease incidence threshold of 0.5% are redirected to alternative markets with substantial reductions in economic return to the producer. Because of this low tolerance, a sampling procedure with defined stati...

The extent to which epistasis contributes to adaptation, population differentiation, and speciation is a long-standing and important problem in evolutionary genetics. Using recombinant inbred (RI) lines of Arabidopsis thaliana grown under natural field conditions, we have examined the genetic architecture of fitness-correlated traits with respect to epistasis; we identified both single-locus ad...

OBJECTIVE To prepare percentile curves for measurements of palpebral fissure and the greatest width of the vermilion border of the upper lip in newborns at a public maternity ward in the City of São Paulo. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2006 to January 2008. In the first 24 to 72 hours of life, the palpebral fissure and the greatest width of the vermil...

width of less than or equal to 8 pm operate in a single mode, but the waveguides with a core width of more than 8 pm operate in multiple modes. Figure 3 shows the dependence of optical loss on core width. The optical loss is constant for TE polarized incident light, even though the core width increases. On the other hand, the optical loss decreases with increasing core width for TM polarized in...

OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the relationship between the dimensions (length, width, and thickness) of random advancement skin flaps and retained tissue perfusion and oxygenation. METHODS Flaps were raised on the flanks of pigs. The flaps were either 0.5 or 1.0 cm wide, thin (dissected halfway through the subcutaneous tissue) or thick (dissected down to the muscle fascia). Tissue perf...

grading of agricultural products has always been a subject of research by scientists. one of the criteria to be chosen for grading of fruits is the fruit's level of ripeness. different methods have been employed to assess the status of fruit ripeness some of which are destructive and others are not so. in this research, a noninvasive capacitive method was used to estimate the ripeness leve...

Eight plant densities (8.8, 9.5, 10.4, 11.4, 17.6, 19.1, 20.8, and 22.9 plants m ) in 2001–2002 and 12 plant densities (8.8, 9.5, 10.4, 11.4, 12.7, 14.3, 17.6, 19.1, 20.8, 22.9, 25.4, and 28.6 plants m ) in 2002–2003 were evaluated on growth and fruit yield of ‘Sweet Charlie’ strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) grown in a passively ventilated greenhouse. Plant densities were derived by varying...

Citrus flavonoids have been shown to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks prominently due to their antioxidant effects. Here we investigated the protective effect of pummelo (Citrus maxima, CM) fruit juice in rat cardiac H9c2 cells against doxorubicin (DOX-) induced cytotoxicity. Four antioxidant compositions (ascorbic acid, hesperidin, naringin, and gallic acid) were determined by HPLC. C...