Among the alternative fuels, hydrogen shows great potential in the near future. In the present study, hydrogen utilization as diesel engine fuel was investigated. Hydrogen can not be used directly in a diesel engine due to its autoignition temperature higher than that of diesel fuel. One alternative method is to use hydrogen in enrichment or induction. To investigate the combustion characterist...

The performance characteristics of anode-supported, thin-film, single chamber fuel cells (SCFCs) have been investigated. Cells, in which Ni+Sm0.15Ce0.85O2 (Samaria doped ceria, SDC) served as the anode and SDC as the electrolyte, were fabricated by dry pressing. High quality, bilayer structures with electrolyte thicknesses as small as 10 Am were prepared with excellent reproducibility. The cath...

Rapidly declining gasoline prices from their record high during the summer of 2008, while ethanol prices remained relatively high, made it difficult for many bio-fuel policy modelers to fully explain the impacts of U.S. bio-fuel policies on fuel prices. Using profitmaximization models for blenders, refiners, and distillers, we conduct a comparative static analysis to measure the relative magnit...

Small impurities in the fuel can have a significant impact on the emissions control system performance over the lifetime of the vehicle. Of particular interest in recent studies has been the impact of sodium, potassium, and calcium that can be introduced either through fuel constituents, such as biodiesel, or as lubricant additives. In a collaboration between the National Renewable Energy Labor...

The interactions between oxygen permeation and homogeneous fuel oxidation reactions on the sweep side of an ion transport membrane (ITM) are examined using a comprehensive model, which couples the dependency of the oxygen permeation rate on the membrane surface conditions and detailed chemistry and transport in the vicinity of the membrane. We assume that the membrane surface is not catalytic t...

Œe problem of building statistical models of cyber-physical systems using operational data is addressed in this paper, using the case study of aircra‰ engines. Œese models serve as a complement to physics-based models, which may not accurately reƒect the operational performance of systems. Œe accurate modeling of fuel ƒow rate is an essential aspect of analyzing aircra‰ engine performance. In t...

Instantaneous two-dimensional measurements of reaction rate, mixture fraction, and temperature are demonstrated in turbulent partially premixed methane/air jet flames. The forward reaction rate of the reaction CO OH ⇒ CO2 H is measured by simultaneous OH laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and two-photon CO LIF. The product of the two LIF signals is shown to be proportional to the reaction rate. T...

In order to improve the performance of a thermal power plant (TPP), it is necessarily to adopt performance monitoring and heat rate improvement. To improve efficiency, the engineer must knew the heat input, the mass of fuel, the fuel analysis and the kW rating generation in order to determine the actual heat rate. After the actual heat rate calculated and understood, losses must be identified a...

The economic stability of a country is criterion for long-term development. However, long-standing issue, particularly in developing countries. Almost all countries, both developed and developing, are struggling with growth stability. purpose this research to explain re-examine the relationship between money supply, rupiah exchange rate, fuel prices inflation rate. In study, secondary data was ...

High-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying uses a combustion process to heat the gas flow and coating material. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been developed to predict gas dynamic behavior in a HVOF thermal spray gun in which premixed oxygen and propane are burnt in a combustion chamber linked to a parallel-sided nozzle. The CFD analysis is applied to investigate axisymm...