Diesel fuel is known to emit pollutants that have a negative impact on environmental and human health. In developing countries like South Africa, attendants are employed to pump fuel for customers at service stations. Attendants refuel vehicles with various octane unleaded fuel, lead-replacement petrol and diesel fuel, on a daily basis. Attendants are at risk to adverse health effects associate...

Fuel pollution is a significant problem in Antarctica, especially in areas where human activities occur, such as at scientific research stations. Despite this, there is little information on the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on Antarctic terrestrial biota. The authors demonstrate that the Antarctic mosses Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Schistidium antarctici, and Ceratodon purpureus, and the Antar...

This paper presents a model to study impacts public policies and other exogenous variables (technological, market, and economic variables beyond designer’s control) on optimum vehicle designs and on Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in the US transportation sector. The overall model consists of a government model and an enterprise model. The inputs to the overall model are public policies, exogeno...

The use of oxygenated fuels is anticipated to increase over the next decades. This paper reviews the toxicological and exposure information for methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), a fuel additive, and methanol, a replacement fuel, and discusses the possible health consequences of exposure of the general public to these compounds. For MTBE, the health effects information available is derived alm...

Usage of the new and alternative clean fuel is becoming a hot topic in marine transportation in accordance with environmental regulations of I.M.O. Using L.N.G as the ship fuel is a reliable and long term solution for environmental issues. Iran owing to its large number of natural gas fields and unique geographical position, has adequate potential to provide services to shipping fleets. Finding...

background: iran is located in the seventh rank in terms of co2 emissions resulting from the fuel combustion in the world. gas compressor booster stations, due to the several sources of contaminants, are causing the release of large amounts of co2 and ch4, which will cause climate change therefore, estimating the emissions of the gases from oil and gas, different processing units are necessary....

The fast development of technologies in the smart grids provides new opportunities such as co-optimization multi-energy systems. One concepts that can utilize multiple energy sources is a hybrid fuel station (HFS). For instance, an HFS benefit from hubs, renewable energies, and natural gas to supply electric vehicles along with vehicles. However, optimal operation deals uncertainties different ...

The duration of missions that can be accomplished by a system of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is limited by the battery or fuel capacity of its constituent UAVs. However, a system of UAVs that is supported by automated refueling stations may support long term or even indefinite duration missions. We develop a mixed integer linear program (MILP) model to formalize the problem of scheduling a ...