Firing test campaigns were carried out on a 200 N thrust-class hybrid rocket engine, using gaseous oxygen as an oxidizer and paraffin-wax-based fuel. Different fuel grain lengths adopted to extend the characterization under different operating conditions, evaluate performances internal ballistics in configurations. In addition data collected 220 mm propellant length, two further considering 130...

In spark ignition (SI) engines, the accurate control of air fuel ratio (AFR) in the stoichiometric value is required to reduce emission and fuel consumption. The wide operating range, the inherent nonlinearities and the modeling uncertainties of the engine system are the main difficulties arising in the design of AFR controller. In this paper, an optimization-based nonlinear control law is a...

In the present study, the operating conditions of an anode-supported high temperature direct internal reforming (DIR) planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) are numerically analyzed. SOFCs are the energy conversion devices that produce electricity and heat directly from a gaseous fuel by the electrochemical combination of that fuel with an oxidant. A planar SOFC consists of an interconnect structu...

Partial premixing of fuel and oxidizer is of common occurrence in fires. However, most previous studies dealing with flame extinction have focused on nonpremixed flames. In this experimental–numerical study, we examine the effectiveness of fuel-stream versus air-stream dilution for extinguishing laminar methane–air partially premixed (PPFs) and nonpremixed flames (NPF) using the chemically iner...

diesel fuel has a limited resource and concerns over environmental pollution areleading to the use of ‘bio-origin fuels’ as they are renewable and environmentally benign. jatrophamethyl ester, an esterified biofuel, has an excellent cetane number and a reasonable calorific value.it closely resembles the behaviour of diesel. however, being a fuel of different origin, the standarddesign limits of...

In this work, we focus on robustness analysis of an integrated fuel cell and fuel reforming (FCFR) system, which relies on a feedback controller to mitigate hydrogen starvation and temperature overshoot during load transitions. The fuel reformer is used to process natural gas into a hydrogen rich flow to be utilized in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM-FC). The feedback controller uses ...

Steam reforming of methanol is one of the promising processes for on-board hydrogen production used in fuel cell applications. Due to the time and energy consuming issues associated with conventional synthesis methods, in this paper a quick, facile, and effective microwave-assisted solution combustion method was applied for fabrication of copper-based nanocatalysts to convert methanol to hydrog...

a newly developed heavy duty diesel engine in dual fuel mode of operation has been studied in detail. the main fuel would be natural gas and diesel oil as pilot injection. the importance and effects of mixture preparation and formation through ports, valves and in cylinder flow field with different swirl ratio and tumble on diesel combustion phenomena is an accepted feature which has been studi...

Abstract The objective of this work is to describe and validate a numerical axisymmetric approach for the simulation hybrid rocket engines (HREs), based on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations, with sub-models fluid–surface interaction, radiation, chemistry, turbulence. Fuel grain consumption considered both radial axial directions swirl injection oxidizer are simulated. Firing tests two...