This book investigates the central role of reason in Islamic intellectual life. Despite widespread characterization of Islam as a system of belief based only on revelation, JohnWalbridge argues that rational methods, not fundamentalism, have characterized Islamic law, philosophy, theology, and education since the medieval period. His research demonstrates that this medieval Islamic rational tra...

For any fixed positive integer n, the Smarandache ceil function of order k is denoted by N∗ → N and has the following definition: Sk(n) = min{x ∈ N : n | x}, ∀n ∈ N∗. In this paper, we study the mean value properties of the Smarandache ceil function, and give a sharp asymptotic formula for it.

Similar as to how films are accompanied with bonus features and extras on their dvd release, digital games too are sometimes released with supplemental materials which provide insight in the creative development process. Examples of these are behind-the-scenes documentaries, concept art, audio commentaries, and so on. In the study of digital games this material could easily be overlooked or pri...

As long as technological and social innovation and change continue at the current rapid pace, the profile of the ideal IS graduate and perfect undergraduate IS curriculum will remain open for debate. What is, however, gaining more general acceptance across many professions and disciplines including IS, is the need for university graduates who are ready and able to embrace and succeed in self-di...

the importance as well as the difficulty of the problem of ranking fuzzy numbers is pointed out. here we consider approaches to the ranking of fuzzy numbers based upon the idea of associating with a fuzzy number a scalar value, its signal/noise ratios, where the signal and the noise are defined as the middle-point and the spread of each $gamma$-cut of a fuzzy number, respectively. we use the va...

Given a graph H, we say a graph G is H-saturated if G does not contain H as a subgraph and the addition of any edge e′ 6∈ E(G) results in H as a subgraph. In this paper, we construct (K4 − e)-saturated graphs with |E(G)| either the size of a complete bipartite graph, a 3-partite graph, or in the interval [ 2n− 4, ⌊ n 2 ⌋ ⌈ n 2 ⌉ − n+ 6 ] . We then extend the (K4−e)-saturated graphs to (Kt − e)-...

Geoffrey Grimmett Abstra t. The problem of how to allocate to states the seats in the US House of Representatives is the most studied instance of what is termed the ‘apportionment problem’. We propose a new method of apportionment which is stochastic, which meets the quota condition, and which is fair in the sense of expectations. Two sources of systematic unfairness are identified, firstly the...

Beatty sequences [nα1 + β1]n∈Z and [mα2 + β2]m∈Z are recorded by two athletes running in opposite directions in a round stadium. This approach suggests a nice interpretation for well known partitioning criteria: such sequences (eventually) partition the integers essentially when the athletes have the same starting point. A remarkable observation due to S. Beatty says that if w is any positive i...

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have increasingly become an integral part of society, enhancing, changing, supporting, and complicating human lives. Although the disregard of technology inventors and designers for the users of ICTs has resulted in disjunctures between ICTs and users, users have refused to become mere agents of the designers. Individual users have developed the...

The analysis of the passenger spill data is an integral part for the determination of optimal aircraft capacities in the airline fleet assignment process. Most research in this study has assumed that the nominal demand is normally distributed. But empirical evidences show that normal probability distribution is not suitable in many cases because of asymmetry nature of the data. In the present s...