We consider difference equations y(s+1) = A(s)y(s), where A(s) is an n × n-matrix meromorphic in a neighborhood of ∞ with detA(s) ≡ 0. In general, the formal fundamental solutions of this equation involve gamma-functions which give rise to the critical variable s log s and a level 1. We show that, under a mild condition, formal fundamental matrices of the equation can be summed uniquely to anal...

BACKGROUND This paper considers the role of teaching primary care trusts (tPCTs) at the turn of the century. A retrospective evaluation of a complex intervention is used. The evaluation has three perspectives. These are (1) a commentary on tPCTs in health policy in England, (2) the authors' reflections as senior members of a tPCT in Northern England and (3) a look-back exercise with tPCT member...

The rearrangement process during liquid phase sintering has been generally accepted that driven by the capillary forces between solid grains embedded in liquid. This paper outlines a computer-based method for three-dimensional computer simulation of rearrangement during liquid phase sintering. The theoretical models dealing with the fundamental interaction forces that exist between grains attac...

We present an enhanced moment-closure approximation to the finiteextensiblenonlinear-elastic (FENE) models of polymeric fluids. This new moment-closure method involves the perturbation of the equilibrium probability distribution function (PDF), which takes into account of the drastic split into two spikes and centralized behavior under the large macroscopic flow effects. The resulting macroscop...

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– This paper outlines a methodology to test agent's intelligence using the general intelligence factor (factor g) and the theory of multiple intelligence in humans. The method presented is also based on the evolutionary theory and deals with knowledge as a kind of stored intelligence. A set of tests assess the multiple intelligences of the agents analyzing their behavior and performance in diff...

During acoustic communication, an audible message is transmitted from a sender to a receiver, often producing changes in behavior. In a system where evolutionary changes of the sender do not result in a concomitant adjustment in the receiver, communication and species recognition could fail. However, the possibility of an evolutionary decoupling between sender and receiver has rarely been studi...

We experimentally study the jamming of quasi-two-dimensional emulsions. Our experiments consist of oilin-water emulsion droplets confined between two parallel plates. From the droplet outlines, we can determine the forces between every droplet over a wide range of area fractions f. We study three bidisperse samples that jam at area fractions fc z 0.86. Our data show that for f > fc, the contact...

1 Probability measures on metric spaces 1 1.1 Borel sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 Borel probability measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Narrow convergence of measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.4 The bounded Lipschitz metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.5...