When I was a student of medicine, we were taught that malaria was not an infectious disease—i.e., not transmissible from person to person—and that it was originated by inhaling bad air. It was regarded as the type of the miasmatic as contrasted with the contagious diseases. What a change has taken place since then! Now we know that malaria can be transmitted when one injects the blood of a mala...

Developers of large-scale document processing and image recognition systems are in need of a dynamically robust character segmentation component. Without this essential module, potential turn-key products will remain in the laboratory indefinitely. An experiment of evolving a biologically-based neural image processing system which has the ability to isolate characters within an unstructured tex...

zygomycosis is a fulminant infection which usually afflicts patients who are immunocompromised by diabetes mellitus, malignancy or immunosuppressive therapy.l this disease is a rare but highly invasive fungal infection which occurs in organ transplant recipients. 2 mucormycosis confined to the gastrointestinal tract is an uncommon form of the disease. accounting for only seven percent of all mu...

introduction: the most important subcutaneous fungal infections in man are caused by injury due to contaminated thistles and thorns. from an epidemiological point of view , it is important to recognize the fungi as well as their frequency of them in various thistles and thorns methods: the present research has been conducted on thorns and thistles of 16 regions including cities and villages of ...

Pleurotus eryngii is a mushroom growing in the Bakhtiari province of Iran and is known as a mountain fungus. The fresh fungus is used as a food, and when dried its powder has been used as an anthelmintic drug. We decided to study the anthelmintic activity of P. eryngii on Hymenolepis nana (cestode) and Syphacia obvelata (nematode), using experimental animals. Water extract of P. eryngii wa...

Acetylation of small molecules is widespread in nature, and in some cases, cells use this process to detoxify harmful chemicals. Streptomyces species utilize a Gcn5 N-acetyltransferase (GNAT), known as Bar, to acetylate and detoxify a self-produced toxin, phosphinothricin (PPT), a glutamate analogue. Bar homologues, such as MddA from Salmonella enterica, acetylate methionine analogues such as m...