Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric approach for measuring the relative efficiency of a decision making units consists of multiple inputs and outputs. In all standard DEA models semi positive real valued measures are assumed, while in some real cases inputs and outputs may take complex valued. The question is related to measuring efficiency in such cases. As far as we are aware, ...

Abstract The shortest path problem (SPP) is a special network structured linear programming that appears in wide range of applications. Classical SPPs consider only one objective the networks while some or all multiple, conflicting and incommensurate objectives such as optimization cost, profit, time, distance, risk, quality service may arise together real-world These types are known multi-obje...