Most existing genome-wide association analyses are cross-sectional, utilizing only phenotypic data at a single time point, e.g. baseline. On the other hand, longitudinal studies, such as Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), collect phenotypic information at multiple time points. In this article, as a case study, we conducted both longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses of the A...

BACKGROUND In statistical modeling, finding the most favorable coding for an exploratory quantitative variable involves many tests. This process involves multiple testing problems and requires the correction of the significance level. METHODS For each coding, a test on the nullity of the coefficient associated with the new coded variable is computed. The selected coding corresponds to that as...

For situations where the number of tested hypotheses is increasingly large, the power to detect statistically significant multiple treatment effects decreases. As is the case with microarray technology, often researchers are interested in identifying differentially expressed genes for more than two types of cells or treatments. A two-step procedure is proposed for the purpose of increasing powe...

We develop improved statistical procedures for testing the null hypothesis of stochastic monotonicity. Stochastic monotonicity can be reformulated in terms of the concavity of cross-sections of a copula function; our test statistic is based on a empirical measure of departures from concavity. While existing tests of stochastic monotonicity deliver a limiting rejection rate equal to the nominal ...

Genome-wide association studies (GWAs) have identified thousands of DNA loci associated with a variety of traits. Statistical inference is almost always based on single marker hypothesis tests of association and the respective p-values with Bonferroni correction. Since commercially available genomic arrays interrogate hundreds of thousands or even millions of loci simultaneously, many causal ye...

We report on the likely detection of pulsed high-energy γ-rays from the binary millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232 in 100-1000 MeV data from CGRO EGRET. Imaging analysis demonstrates that the highly significant γ-ray source 2EG J0220+4228 (∼ 10σ) is for energies > 100 MeV positionally consistent with both PSR J0218+4232 and the BL Lac 3C66A. However, above 1 GeV 3C66A is the evident counterpart ,...

We investigate recent claims that the Hubble sequence of spiral galaxies is scale-free. Fundamental to this investigation is the fact that within the photometric data of 86 spiral galaxies from de Jong & van der Kruit (1994) from which these claims were made a trend exists between morphological type and bulge profile shape. While late-type spiral bulges are described by an exponential luminosit...

When population variances of observations in an ANOVA are a known function of their population means, many textbooks recommend using variancestabilizing transformations. Examples are: square root transformation for Poisson data, arcsine of square root for binomial proportions, and log for exponential data. We investigate the usefulness of transformations in onefactor, 3-level ANOVAs with nonnor...

Abstract – Fuzzy nominal scales were introduced in order to propose a formalism to the representation of empirical quantities by fuzzy subsets of words. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possible relations and operators that can be used on measurements performed with this kind of scale. Then an extension of these scales, named fuzzy metric scale, and based on the definition of a dista...

We trace the origin and development of Pavelka-style fuzzy logic, discuss its significance and clarify some related misconceptions. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.