The integral representation for the relaxation of a class of energy functionals where the admissible fields are constrained to remain on a C m-dimensional manifold M ⊂ R is obtained. If f : Rd×N → [0,∞) is a continuous function satisfying 0 ≤ f(ξ) ≤ C(1 + |ξ|), for C > 0, p ≥ 1, and for all ξ ∈ Rd×N , then F(u,Ω) : = inf {un}  lim inf n→∞ Z Ω f(∇un) dx : un ⇀ u in W , un(x) ∈M a.e. x ∈ Ω, n ∈ ...

Higher order variational problems appear often in the engineering literature and in connection with the so-called gradient theories of phase transitions within elasto-plastic regimes. The study of equilibria of micromagnetic materials asks for mastery of second order energies (see [51], [91]; see also [31], [38], [44], [45], [61], [77], [78], [79], [108]), and the Blake-Zisserman model for imag...

in this paper, we consider the variational homotopy perturbation method (vhpm) to obtain an approximate series solution for the generalized fisher’s equation which converges to the exact solution in the region of convergence. comparisons are made among the variational iteration method (vim), the exact solutions and the proposed method. the results reveal that the proposed method is very effectiv...

Abstract An E -fuzzy group is a lattice-valued algebraic structure, defined on a crisp algebra which is not necessarily a group. The crisp equality is replaced by a particular fuzzy one denoted by E . Classical group-like properties are formulated as appropriate fuzzy identities special lattice theoretic formulas. We prove basic features of E -fuzzy groups: properties of the unit and inverses, ...

In this paper, a numerical solution based on Haar wavelet quasilinearization (HWQ) is used for finding the solution of nonlinear Euler-Lagrange equations which arise from the problems in calculus of variations. Some examples of variational problems are given and outcomes compared with exact solutions to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method.

In this work, the Blasius equation is studied. Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and homotopy analysis method (HAM) are applied to obtain its solution. Comparison with variational iteration method (VIM) is made to highlight the significant features of employed methods and their capability of handling nonlinear problems. The outcome shows the success of (HPM) and (HAM) for solving nonlinear pro...