Emission of gas at charged states of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is a significant problem because it causes swelling and deformation of LIBs. In this study, the gas generation mechanism is investigated and preventative measures are developed. Decomposition of the electrolyte solution related to residual lithium compounds on the surface of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) and to the structural chan...

The mere structure of the linearly degenerate eigenmode of the equations of gasdynamics provides a quite natural frame to build a new exact Riemann solver for a gas endowed with arbitrary thermodynamic properties. Differently from single equation methods rooted in the γ-law ideal gas assumption, the new approach is based on the system of two nonlinear equations imposing the equality of pressure...

J. V. VOGEL MEMBER A/ME In calculating oilwell production, it has commonly been assumed that producing rates are proportional to drawdowns. Using this assumption, a well's behavior can be described by its productivity index (PI). This PI relationship was developed from Darcy's law for the steady-state radial flow of i1 single, incompressible fluid. Although Muskat pointed out that the relations...

The DEVS (Discrete Event Systems Specification) formalism has been applied to continuous and discrete phenomena. The use of discrete events, rather than time steps, as a basis for simulation has been shown to reduce computation time by orders of magnitude in many applications. However, the application of DEVS to partial differential equation (pde) simulation has only recently been investigated....

A simple method to obtain a canonical partition function for a one-dimensional lattice gas model is presented. The simplification is based upon rewriting a sum over all possible configurations as a sum over all possible numbers of clusters in the system.

In solution, α-helices are stabilized at the termini by a variety of different capping interactions. Study of these interactions in the gas phase provides a unique means to explore the intrinsic properties that cause this stabilization. Evidence of helical and globular conformations is presented here for gas-phase, doubly charged peptides of sequence XAnK, wherein X is D, N, Q, or L. The relati...

the VOCs in the range of 15.0-28.5 ppm (expressed as methane equivalent) were removed. The pungent burnt plastic odor in the test gas was almost completely removed. It requires around 0.058, 0.052, and 0.095 kg of NaOCl solution (12% available Cl ), H O solution (35% H O ), and NaOH 2 2 2 2 2 3 (45%), respectively, for scrubbing 1000 Nm of the exhaust gas and the total chemical costs is around ...

Costs for biotechnological processes in general are largely dictated by substrate prices. Thus, especially production of bulk chemicals from sugar or molasses suffers economically, if these compounds increase in price. A fairly recent solution to deal with this problem is the use of cheap gases as a carbon and energy source. Both, aerobic and anaerobic gas fermentations have meanwhile reached c...

In recent years both mass spectrometry (MS) and ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) have been developed as techniques with which to study proteins that lack a fixed tertiary structure but may contain regions that form secondary structure elements transiently, namely intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). IM-MS is a suitable method for the study of IDPs which provides an insight to conform...