Although most people are thought to receive their highest acute exposures to gasoline while refueling, relatively little is actually known about personal, nonoccupational exposures to gasoline during refueling activities. This study was designed to measure exposures associated with the use of an oxygenated fuel under cold conditions in Fairbanks, Alaska. We compared concentrations of gasoline c...

As the need for alternative transportation fuels increases, it is important to understand the many effects of introducing fuels based upon feedstocks other than petroleum. Water intensity in "gallons of water per mile traveled" is one method to measure these effects on the consumer level. In this paper we investigate the water intensity for light duty vehicle (LDV) travel using selected fuels b...

In this contribution, the investigation conducted on alternative fuels includes methanol 20% blended with gasoline 80% and emulsion-based fuel composition of 80%, ethanol 15%, H2O 5% are compared 100% conventional fuel. These fueled single-cylinders spark ignition engine is studied for checking their performance emission characteristics as per future norms. This work performed One-dimensional A...

We examine how gasoline price volatility impacts consumers’ price elasticity of demand for gasoline. Results show that volatility in prices decreases consumer demand for gasoline in the intermediate run. We also find that consumers appear to be less elastic in response to changes in gasoline price when gasoline price volatility is medium or high, compared to when it is low. Moreover, we find th...

Gasoline “divorcement” regulations restrict the integration of gasoline refiners and retailers. Theoretically, vertical integration can harm competition, making it possible that divorcement policies could increase welfare; alternatively, these policies may reduce welfare by sacrificing efficiencies. This paper attempts to differentiate between these possibilities by estimating a reduced form eq...

Using the most recently available data, this paper estimates the price and income elasticities of gasoline demand in the United States from a semiparametric smooth coefficient model. The econometric approach provides more flexibility by allowing functional coefficients to accommodate heterogeneity in gasoline demand. Instrumental variables are used to correct for the potential endogeneity of th...