Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is the most basic part of endoscopy field. Although old and basic procedures are still in use, a line of innovative techniques and devices are being introduced to allow much complex and difficult procedures in endoscopy unit. High quality upper endoscopic procedures can replace or obviate surgical treatment. Selected reviews dealing with non-variceal upper ...

OBJECTIVES To systematically describe appropriateness criteria (AC) developed in the United States for surgical procedures and to summarize how these criteria have been applied to identify overuse and underuse of procedures in US populations. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE literature search performed in February 2010 and May 2011. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they addressed the appropriat...

Crohn's disease may affect any segment of the gastrointestinal tract; however, isolated duodenal involvement is rather rare. It still remains a complex clinical entity with a controversial management of the disease. Initially, patients with duodenal Crohn' s disease (DCD) are managed with a combination of antiacid and immunosuppressive therapy. However, medical treatment fails in the majority o...

background: postoperative pulmonary dysfunction is one of the most frequent complications after cardiac surgery and it is believed to result from the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (cpb). in this study, we investigated the effect of low tidal volume ventilation during cpb on postoperative gas exchange and lung mechanics. methods: this prospective randomized study included 100 patients undergoing...

Background: Red blood cell and other blood products play a crucial role in management of different disease processes, but in spite of implementation of crucial steps to improve the process of request for blood and blood consumption, there is still not enough information available regarding the proper practice in many medical centres. We aimed to evaluate the status of blood product requests and...

OBJECTIVE To review how bariatric surgery in obese patients may effectively treat adiposopathy (pathogenic adipose tissue or 'sick fat'), and to provide clinicians a rationale as to why bariatric surgery is a potential treatment option for overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. METHODS A group of clinicians, researchers, and surgeons, all with a background ...