The abundance of Li, Be, and B isotopes in galactic cosmic rays (GCR) between E=50-200 MeV/nucleon has been observed by the Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer (CRIS) on NASA’s ACE mission since 1997 with high statistical accuracy. Precise observations of Li, Be, B can be used to constrain GCR propagation models. We find that a diffusive reacceleration model with parameters that best match CRIS res...

We propose a model wherein chronic stress results in glucocorticoid receptor resistance (GCR) that, in turn, results in failure to down-regulate inflammatory response. Here we test the model in two viral-challenge studies. In study 1, we assessed stressful life events, GCR, and control variables including baseline antibody to the challenge virus, age, body mass index (BMI), season, race, sex, e...

The heliospheric modulation strength is a good parameter for the long-term modulation of cosmic rays in the neutron monitor energy range. Here we study an empirical relation between the modulation strength and the global heliospheric parameters: the heliospheric current sheet tilt angle, the open solar magnetic flux and the global IMF polarity. The suggested relation closely reproduces the meas...

Convolutional network are the de-facto standard for analysing spatio-temporal data such as images, videos, 3D shapes, etc. Whilst some of this data is naturally dense (for instance, photos), many other data sources are inherently sparse. Examples include penstrokes forming on a piece of paper, or (colored) 3D point clouds that were obtained using a LiDAR scanner or RGB-D camera. Standard “dense...

BACKGROUND Visceral fat deposition and its associated atherogenic complications are mediated by glucocorticoids. Cardiac visceral fat comprises mediastinal adipose tissue (MAT) and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), and MAT is a potential biomarker of risk for obese patients. AIM Our objective was to evaluate the role of EAT and MAT 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD-1) and glu...

The effect of the Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) flux on Earth’s climate is highly uncertain. Using a novel sampling approach based around observing periods of significant cloud changes, a statistically robust relationship is identified between short-term GCR flux changes and the most rapid mid-latitude (60–30 N/S) cloud decreases operating over daily timescales; this signal is verified in surface l...

The intensity of cosmic rays in the inner solar system is observed to vary with time over a variety of time scales. The Sun is the cause of some of these variations, but the observed longer-term variations reflect changes in the local interstellar medium. Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) dominate the average intensity of energetic particles above about 200 MeV and are affected by supernova shock wave...