A self-contained fiber-optic immunosensor was developed to measure the 16,500-Da protein myoglobin. The sensing element was constructed by entrapment of Cascade Blue-labeled antibody within polyacrylamide gel at the distal face of an optical fiber 300 microns in core diameter. The polyacrylamide gel composition was optimized to allow diffusion of myoglobin but to exclude hemoglobin and higher-m...

Reaction-diffusion systems where one of the reagents (outer electrolyte) penetrates into a gel by diffusion and forms a precipitate with the other reagent (inner electrolyte) homogenized in the gel, are able to produce various complex precipitation patterns. The previously studied NaOH + AgNO3 and recently discovered CuCl2 + K3[Fe(CN)6] processes, (where the first reagent is the outer electroly...

A fast immunoblotting procedure, termed "microgel diffusion blotting," is used to detect and identify antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (i.e., to Sm, RNP, and SSB) in patients with rheumatic diseases. The method differs from the standard immunoblotting techniques by the use of ultra-thin microgels for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: the very thin gel layer allows transfer of protei...

Activation energies for energy and electron transfer have been measured in various systems on silica gel. In the case of ion-electron recombination, a facile technique involving fluorescence recovery is described which complements diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the study of these systems. In bimolecular anthracene/azulene systems, activation energies have been shown to be independent of pr...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the vehicle effect on in vitro diffusion of Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH) from new five topical formulations: microemulsion (A), microemulsion+silica (B), Na Alginate emulgel (C), Carbopol cream (D) and hydroxyethylcellulose gel (E).Furthermore, the skin irritation potential and the formulation effect on skin reaction induced by histamine were investi...