The hardness of the integer factorization problem assures the security of some public-key cryptosystems including RSA, and the number field sieve method (NFS), the most efficient algorithm for factoring large integers currently, is a threat for such cryptosystems. Recently, dedicated factoring devices attract much attention since it might reduce the computing cost of the number field sieve meth...

In 2001, the number of individuals who took the tests of General Educational Development (GED) topped one million for the first time in history. Each year since 1980, between 400,000 and 500,000 individuals have passed the exams and received their GED credential. GED certificates constituted 25% of the total of regular high school diplomas plus GED certificates issued in 2001. When this figure ...

Technologies which permit targeted manipulation of genetic material not only provide new opportunities to explore the organization, regulation and biological or pathological function of molecular processes but, in so doing, have revolutionised the development and validation of animal models. In a very short time, we have seen rapid escalation in the development of new models, most often in mice...

Most American colleges and universities offer gateway biology courses to meet the needs of three undergraduate audiences: biology and related science majors, many of whom will become biomedical researchers; premedical students meeting medical school requirements and preparing for the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT); and students completing general education (GE) graduation requirements. ...

Security-aware embedded devices which are likely to operate in hostile environments need protection against physical attacks. For the RSA public-key algorithm, protected versions of the Montgomery powering ladder have gained popularity as countermeasures for such attacks. In this paper, we present a general fault attack against RSA implementations which use the Montgomery powering ladder. In a ...

The ElGamal signature([3]) is based on the difficulty of the discrete logarithm problem(DLP). For the ElGamal signature scheme, many variants like the NIST Digital Signature Algorithm(DSA)([10]) and a new signature with a message recovery feature([12]) are proposed. The message recovery feature has the advantage of small signed message length, which is effective especially in applications like ...

BACKGROUND Service quality is perceived as an important factor for developing patient's loyalty. The aim of this study was to determine the hospital service quality from the patients' viewpoints and the relative importance of quality dimensions in predicting the patient's loyalty. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010. The study sample was composed of 943 patients selected fro...

INTRODUCTION Physiotherapy practice in Africa faces a number of challenges, one of which is the limited number of therapists in most public hospitals. In Africa, physiotherapy is still mainly institution based with very little community-based practice, leading to lack of access to services for a large part of the population. This study explores users' perceptions of physiotherapy, challenges fa...

There has recently been a very interesting public exchange of views regarding the relationship between MT and linguistics (Kettunen 1986; Slocum 1986). Kettunen – responding to Slocum's (1985) article – criticises MT for the fact that it sacrifices its reliance on "linguistically sound principles" to the goal of producing acceptable translations cost-effectively. For this reason, "the results m...

Some important consequences of nursing stress are job burnout and withdrawal symptoms manifested as an intention to quit the job. Job burnout is a stress syndrome characterised by emotional exhaustion (depletion of emotional resources), depersonalisation (negative and cynical attitudes towards one’s clients), and a diminished sense of personal accomplishment (the tendency to evaluate oneself ne...