1Principal Entomologist and Project Leader (retired), Forestry Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Moscow, ID; 2Forest Entomologist, USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Northern Region, Coeur d’Alene, ID. Douglas-fir beetle galleries are distinctive, having eggs laid individually in niches alternating on opposite sides of the gallery. The Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudo...

Quantitative analysis of production through evaluation of inputs consumption quantity is of main principles in agricultural policies, which is followed by increasing in production through optimal use of resources. This study has been conducted to estimate different types of production functions in mechanized farms of broiler chicks located in Gorgan city. Cross-section survey data were gathered...

The sustainable development of the water–energy–food (WEF) system has gained global attention as a result limited land resources, inadequate energy supply and growing water stress. Coordination degree is an important indicator to measure WEF system. Improving coordination contributes affects regional economic development. extended Cobb–Douglas function applied examine relationship between in 31...

There is broad consensus that withholding or withdrawing medical interventions is morally permissible when requested by competent patients or, in the case of patients without decision-making capacity, when the interventions no longer confer a benefit to the patient or when the burdens associated with the interventions outweigh the benefits received. The withdrawal or withholding of measures suc...