First posted March 7, 2023 For additional information, contact: Geology, Energy & Minerals Science CenterU.S. Geological SurveyMail Stop 95412201 Sunrise Valley DriveReston, VA 20192Email: [email protected] As the United States transitions away from fossil fuels, its economy will rely on more renewable energy. Because current energy sources sometimes produce variable power supplies, it ...

Rotational-level-dependent dephasing rates and nonresonant background can lead to significant uncertainties in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) thermometry under high-pressure, low-temperature conditions if the gas composition is unknown. Hybrid femtosecond/picosecond rotational CARS is employed to minimize or eliminate the influence of collisions and nonresonant background for accu...

A method for simultaneous ro-vibrational and pure-rotational hybrid femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (fs/ps CARS) is presented for multi-species detection and improved temperature sensitivity from room temperature to flame conditions. N₂/CH₄ vibrational and N₂/O₂/H₂ rotational Raman coherences are excited simultaneously using fs pump pulses at 660 and 798 nm, respect...

We show that optical spectroscopy of Rydberg states can provide accurate in situ thermometry at room temperature. Transitions from a metastable state to Rydberg states with principal quantum numbers of 25-30 have 200 times larger fractional frequency sensitivities to blackbody radiation than the strontium clock transition. We demonstrate that magic-wavelength lattices exist for both strontium a...

We introduce a primary thermometer which measures the temperature of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in the sub-nK regime. We show, using quantum Fisher information, that the precision of our technique improves the state-of-the-art in thermometry in the sub-nK regime. The temperature of the condensate is mapped onto the quantum phase of an atomic dot that interacts with the system for short times. W...

We propose a method of measuring the electron temperature T_{e} in mesoscopic conductors and demonstrate experimentally its applicability to micron-size graphene devices in the linear-response regime (T_{e} approximately T, the bath temperature). The method can be especially useful in case of overheating, T_{e}>T. It is based on analysis of the correlation function of mesoscopic conductance flu...

Recent theoretical and experimental studies of evaporation have suggested that on average, molecules in the higher-energy tail of the Boltzmann distribution are more readily transferred into the vapor during evaporation. To test these conclusions, the evaporative cooling rates of a droplet train of liquid water injected into vacuum have been studied via Raman thermometry. The resulting cooling ...

A lifetime-based molecular tagging thermometry technique was developed for achieving simultaneous measurements of droplet size and transient temperature distribution within a small water droplet over a solid surface. For molecular tagging thermometry measurements, a pulsed laser is used to tag phosphorescent 1-BrNp M -CD ROH molecules premixed within a small water droplet. Long-lived laser-indu...

The unitarity regime of the BCS-BEC crossover can be realized by diluting a system of two-component lattice fermions with an on-site attractive interaction. We perform a systematic-error-free finite-temperature simulation of this system by diagrammatic determinant Monte Carlo method. The critical temperature in units of Fermi energy is found to be T(C)/epsilonF=0.152(7). We also report the beha...