In the narrow geosynthetic-reinforced retaining walls a stable rear wall exists in a short distance and so there is no enough space to extend appropriate length of reinforcements. In this case, the probability of overturning of retaining wall increases especially when subjected to earthquake loading. To increase the stability of the wall, reinforcements may be connected to the stable rear surfa...

Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) have become a suitable substitute for compacted used prevention of leachate percolation from landfills and tailings dams into the groundwater system. The characteristics most bentonites is improved through process activation by mixing with soda ash (Na2CO3). This paper presents investigation results suitability Imerys Mine in South Africa use GCLs. Both activated...

Expansive soils are considered to be the one of the highly problematic soil. These soils undergo large volume change based on the amount of moisture content.. Because of this behaviour, lightly loaded civil engineering structures founded on the expansive soils gets severely damaged. There are several mitigating techniques available to counteract the problems posed by the expansive soils. In rec...

Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs) are mainly used to provide watertightness for soils. Their principal function is often fulfilled when construction regulations are implemented. However, when these materials are set in an inclined position, the failure of the whole landfill facility becomes a major concern. Slope stability becomes out significant to be verified; otherwise the principal function o...