BACKGROUND There are growing concerns regarding inequities in health, with poverty being an important determinant of health as well as a product of health status. Within the People's Republic of China (P.R. China), disparities in socio-economic position are apparent, with the rural-urban gap of particular concern. Our aim was to compare direct and proxy methods of estimating household wealth in...

The southern African species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann, 1794, are revised. Twenty-eight new species are described, and redescriptions and new collection records are given for three previously described species, based on the examination and databasing of 11,534 specimens from 488 localities/events. Male genitalia are illustrated, and high resolution habitus images of the holoty...

to study the effect of planting pattern and water quantity on potato yields under drip irrigation, this research was conducted using a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with four replications in three regions (mashhad, ardebil and damavand, iran) during 2003-2004. nine treatments were used. the main-plots were three levels of irrigation: 100%(i1), 80%(i2), and 60%(i3) of cr...

The expansion and growth of cities is a remarkable phenomenon in urban planning literature,so that unpredictable developments have become more evident in recent decades, especially in cities that haveundergone changes in their physical structure following the promotion of their political role. The present paper seeksto identify the factors driving growth in the developed areas of Ardebil city a...

INTRODUCTION Average annual incidence of snakebite worldwide is between 5.5 to 1.2 million, and at least 125,000 of them are fatal. In Iran, around 4,500-11,000 snakebites occur annually, and a small number of them are fatal. Snake bites can cause intoxity and immediate death in patients, and the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological study of snakebites in Ardabil Province. ...

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the contextual conditions of creativity based on Oldham Model among the librarians of public libraries of Fars province. Design/methodology/approach: The research uses a survey method. The study population was librarians of public libraries in Fars province. The data collection instrument was questionnaire. For data analysis, univariate T test and covaria...

BACKGROUND Northern Iran counts as one of the highest prevalence regions for esophageal cancer (EC) worldwide. This study was designed to assess the epidemiologic aspects of EC in north central and northwest Iran over a 10 year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Guilan cancer registry study (GCRS) is a population- based cancer registry study featuring retrospective (1996-2003) and prospective ...

Real estate appraisal is of great importance to several socio-economic stakeholders for different reasons and justifications: local governments and municipalities for taxation purposes; banks for mortgage and other credit applications processing; property valuation companies for marketing activities; and property developers and investors for sound investment decision-making. This paper summariz...

leishmaniasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases in terms of human injury and economic consequences which has a wide range of clinical protests of skin damage to fatal visceral discomfort covers. kala-azar is a mediterranean-type in and its main reservoirs are dogs and canine family. currently the most common disease centers are in parts of provinces such as ardebil, fars, east of ...

introduction landfilling sites of wastes including big volume of waste. in recent years lack correct management caused that landfilling sites of municipal waste taken as one of main source pollution effluence at environmental. from between diverse contaminants heavy metals because of environmental stability, biogeochemical process, poison biology, sorption and desorption, redox potential, sedim...